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Understanding the Spatial Distribution of Ecotourism in Indonesia and Its Relevance to the Protected Landscape

Author

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  • Saraswati Sisriany

    (Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-8510, Japan)

  • Katsunori Furuya

    (Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-8510, Japan)

Abstract

Ecotourism, a dynamic force in global tourism, holds promise for conserving the environment while ensuring benefits for local economies. In this study, we developed an ecotourism distribution map of Indonesia. We utilized location-based social networks (LSBNs) data derived from Google Maps API to map 172 ecotourism sites in Indonesia. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution patterns of ecotourism within Indonesia’s protected landscapes and ecoregions. The factors that influenced ecotourism distribution in the region were analyzed using the MaxEnt model (because of its application for presence-only data). The key findings revealed that ecotourism sites are predominantly distributed across national parks and protected forest areas, and generally consist of mountainous and hilly terrain according to the ecoregion types. The MaxEnt model results indicated that population density was the most influential factor in ecotourism distribution. The significance of our study lies in its methodologies and results, which offered novel approaches to nationwide mapping and addressed the lack of an ecotourism site map of Indonesia. Notably, the proposed model can be customized for other regions with limited ecotourism data; thus, our study can serve as a foundation for future interdisciplinary studies on ecotourism, sustainability, and landscape planning.

Suggested Citation

  • Saraswati Sisriany & Katsunori Furuya, 2024. "Understanding the Spatial Distribution of Ecotourism in Indonesia and Its Relevance to the Protected Landscape," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-23, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:370-:d:1357660
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Erbaugh, James T., 2019. "Responsibilization and social forestry in Indonesia," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    2. E. Seda Arslan & Ömer K. Örücü, 2021. "MaxEnt modelling of the potential distribution areas of cultural ecosystem services using social media data and GIS," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 2655-2667, February.
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