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Landscape Design Outdoor–Indoor VR Environments User Experience

Author

Listed:
  • Jose Luis Saorin

    (Department of Techniques and Projects in Engineering and Architecture, Area of Engineering Graphics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain)

  • Carlos Carbonell-Carrera

    (Department of Techniques and Projects in Engineering and Architecture, Area of Cartographic, Geodetic and Photogrammetry Engineering, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain)

  • Allison J. Jaeger

    (Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 38762, USA)

  • Dámari Melián Díaz

    (Department of Techniques and Projects in Engineering and Architecture, Area of Engineering Graphics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain)

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) helps to visualize the spatial relationships between the different elements of the landscape in landscape architecture, allowing the user to feel the designed environment and navigate through it interactively. VR can be used to navigate spaces designed both indoors (inside a building) and outdoors (landscape). In the present research, the perception of the 3D environment during navigation was compared between indoor and outdoor virtual reality environments. The value of the user experience was measured with the Questionnaire on User eXperience in Immersive Virtual Environments, analyzing the presence, engagement, immersion, flow, skill, emotion, usability, technology adoption, judgment and experience consequence subscales. In overall self-reported user experience, results showed that the perception of the environment during navigation was higher in open VR environments than in closed ones. Regarding subscales, the existence of obstacles limits the freedom of movement, which causes a lesser sense of presence. A more fluid VR navigation also generates positive effects on the flow subscale. In outdoor environments, lighting generates shadows, which help in spatial perception and orientation tasks during navigation, which facilitates and increases the perception of immersion. In closed environments, light plays a less important role during navigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jose Luis Saorin & Carlos Carbonell-Carrera & Allison J. Jaeger & Dámari Melián Díaz, 2023. "Landscape Design Outdoor–Indoor VR Environments User Experience," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:376-:d:1051658
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sahand Azarby & Arthur Rice, 2022. "Understanding the Effects of Virtual Reality System Usage on Spatial Perception: The Potential Impacts of Immersive Virtual Reality on Spatial Design Decisions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-24, August.
    2. Carlos Carbonell-Carrera & Jose Luis Saorin & Dámari Melián Díaz, 2021. "User VR Experience and Motivation Study in an Immersive 3D Geovisualization Environment Using a Game Engine for Landscape Design Teaching," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-23, May.
    3. Tian Gao & Huiyi Liang & Yuxuan Chen & Ling Qiu, 2019. "Comparisons of Landscape Preferences through Three Different Perceptual Approaches," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-13, November.
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