IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v12y2022i1p104-d1018548.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Integrating Social, Economic, and Environmental Factors to Evaluate How Competitive Urban Landscapes Are for the Development of Sustainable Cities: Penang Island in Malaysia as a Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Milad Bagheri

    (Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia)

  • Ku Azam Tuan Lonik

    (School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia)

  • Mastura Jaafar

    (Quantity Surveying Department, School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia)

  • Radziah Adam

    (School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia)

  • Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat

    (Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia)

  • Isabelle D. Wolf

    (School of Geography and Sustainable Communities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
    Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia)

Abstract

The competitiveness of urban landscapes is a subject of growing attention as cities strive to become the best places to support enterprises, economic development, and high-quality living while preserving environmental resources. In evaluations of urban competitiveness, financial factors are frequently emphasized. In this systematic study for the future sustainable urban landscape (SUL), we use the instance of Penang Island, Malaysia, to present an integrated methodology for finding, evaluating, and validating good indicators for developing an urban landscape index that balances economic, sociocultural, and environmental factors. First, we provide a framework for developing such an index by developing a Delphi Analytical Hierarchy Process (DAHP) model that aids in choosing the most important aspects and sub criteria affecting the sustainability of urban landscapes. Then, under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), we demonstrate how to use these data to assess the competitiveness of various zones on Penang Island, namely Bayan Lepas and George Town. According to the quantitative results of the DAHP model, economic criteria, which were given a weight of 0.595 and a corresponding inconsistency (CI) of 0.04, had a greater influence on Penang Island’s urban landscape than environmental criteria, which were given a weight of 0.276 and a CI of 0.02, and social and cultural criteria, which were given a weight of 0.128 and a CI of 0.08. In terms of economic criteria, Zone 1 has a weight of 0.360, which indicates that it has less sway than Zone 2, which has a weight of 0.636. In the discussion, we highlight the essential elements of the methodology to assess the competitiveness of urban environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Milad Bagheri & Ku Azam Tuan Lonik & Mastura Jaafar & Radziah Adam & Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat & Isabelle D. Wolf, 2022. "Integrating Social, Economic, and Environmental Factors to Evaluate How Competitive Urban Landscapes Are for the Development of Sustainable Cities: Penang Island in Malaysia as a Case Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-27, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2022:i:1:p:104-:d:1018548
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/1/104/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/1/104/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ahmadreza Shirvani Dastgerdi & Giuseppe De Luca, 2019. "Joining Historic Cities to the Global World: Feasibility or Fantasy?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Appio, Francesco Paolo & Lima, Marcos & Paroutis, Sotirios, 2019. "Understanding Smart Cities: Innovation ecosystems, technological advancements, and societal challenges," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 1-14.
    3. Malin Song & Qianjiao Xie, 2021. "Evaluation of Urban Competitiveness of the Huaihe River Eco-Economic Belt Based on Dynamic Factor Analysis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 58(3), pages 615-639, October.
    4. V. Chandran Govindaraju & Ramesh Rao & Sajid Anwar, 2011. "Economic growth and government spending in Malaysia: a re-examination of Wagner and Keynesian views," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 203-219, August.
    5. Appio, Francesco Paolo & Lima, Marcos & Paroutis, Sotirios, 2019. "Understanding Smart Cities: Innovation ecosystems, technological advancements, and societal challenges," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 1-14.
    6. Silvia Cerisola, 2019. "A new perspective on the cultural heritage–development nexus: the role of creativity," Journal of Cultural Economics, Springer;The Association for Cultural Economics International, vol. 43(1), pages 21-56, March.
    7. Xiaoxiao Ye & Yong Fan & Jing Miao & Zongyi He, 2022. "The Competitiveness of Regional Urban System in Hubei Province of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Ayodele, T.R. & Ogunjuyigbe, A.S.O. & Odigie, O. & Munda, J.L., 2018. "A multi-criteria GIS based model for wind farm site selection using interval type-2 fuzzy analytic hierarchy process: The case study of Nigeria," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1853-1869.
    9. Margarida Rodrigues & Mário Franco, 2018. "Measuring the Performance in Creative Cities: Proposal of a Multidimensional Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-21, November.
    10. Rosa, Carmen B. & Wendt, João Francisco M. & Chaves, Daniel M.S. & Thomasi, Virginia & Michels, Leandro & Siluk, Julio Cezar M., 2020. "Mathematical modeling for the measurement of the competitiveness index of Brazil south urban sectors for installation of photovoltaic systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    11. Vu, Khuong M., 2018. "Embracing globalization to promote industrialization: Insights from the development of Singapore's petrochemicals industry," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 170-185.
    12. Martina Flörke & Christof Schneider & Robert I. McDonald, 2018. "Water competition between cities and agriculture driven by climate change and urban growth," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 51-58, January.
    13. Tali Hatuka & Issachar Rosen-Zvi & Michael Birnhack & Eran Toch & Hadas Zur, 2018. "The Political Premises of Contemporary Urban Concepts: The Global City, the Sustainable City, the Resilient City, the Creative City, and the Smart City," Planning Theory & Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 160-179, March.
    14. Biao He & Lianxin Zhu & Xiaomei Cai & Jun (Justin) Li & Hong Zhu, 2020. "Examining the Impacts of Mega-Events on Urban Development Using Coupling Analysis: A Case Study of the Boao Forum for Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, January.
    15. Balta, Münevver Özge & Yenil, Havva Ülgen, 2019. "Multi criteria decision making methods for urban greenway: The case of Aksaray, Turkey," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    16. Ghimire, Laxman Prasad & Kim, Yeonbae, 2018. "An analysis on barriers to renewable energy development in the context of Nepal using AHP," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 446-456.
    17. Rimma Sagiyeva & Aziza Zhuparova & Rashid Ruzanov & Raigul Doszhan & Askar Askerov, 2018. "Intellectual input of development by knowledge-based economy: problems of measuring in countries with developing markets," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 6(2), pages 711-728, December.
    18. Eugénia de Matos Pedro & João Leitão & Helena Alves, 2020. "Bridging Intellectual Capital, Sustainable Development and Quality of Life in Higher Education Institutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-27, January.
    19. Bösch, Patrick M. & Becker, Felix & Becker, Henrik & Axhausen, Kay W., 2018. "Cost-based analysis of autonomous mobility services," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 76-91.
    20. Tomas Ambra & An Caris & Cathy Macharis, 2019. "Towards freight transport system unification: reviewing and combining the advancements in the physical internet and synchromodal transport research," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(6), pages 1606-1623, March.
    21. Luis F. Alvarez León & Jovanna Rosen, 2020. "Technology as Ideology in Urban Governance," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 110(2), pages 497-506, March.
    22. Susan Perry & Alecia Carter & Marco Smolla & Erol Akçay & Regina Nobre & Jacob Foster & Susan Healy, 2021. "Not by transmission alone: the role of invention in cultural evolution," Post-Print hal-03306349, HAL.
    23. Chenyang Zhang & Jianjun Jin & Xin Qiu & Lin Li & Rui He, 2022. "Regional Social Relationships Evaluation Using the AHP and Entropy Weight Method: A Case Study of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mu, Rui & Haershan, Maidina & Wu, Peiyi, 2022. "What organizational conditions, in combination, drive technology enactment in government-led smart city projects?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    2. Filippo Corsini & Rafael Laurenti & Franziska Meinherz & Francesco Paolo Appio & Luca Mora, 2019. "The Advent of Practice Theories in Research on Sustainable Consumption: Past, Current and Future Directions of the Field," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Maria Vincenza Ciasullo & Orlando Troisi & Mara Grimaldi & Daniele Leone, 2020. "Multi-level governance for sustainable innovation in smart communities: an ecosystems approach," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 1167-1195, December.
    4. Xiaoran Zheng & Yuzhuo Cai, 2022. "Transforming Innovation Systems into Innovation Ecosystems: The Role of Public Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-26, June.
    5. Shami, Mohammad Reza & Rad, Vahid Bigdeli & Moinifar, Maryam, 2022. "The structural model of indicators for evaluating the quality of urban smart living," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    6. Anthea van der Hoogen & Ifeoluwapo Fashoro & Andre P. Calitz & Lamla Luke, 2024. "A Digital Transformation Framework for Smart Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-28, February.
    7. Caprotti, Federico & Liu, Dong, 2020. "Emerging platform urbanism in China: Reconfigurations of data, citizenship and materialities," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    8. Yang, Zhen & Gao, Weijun & Han, Qing & Qi, Liyan, 2024. "Aggravating or alleviating? Smart city construction and urban inequality in China," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    9. Kajikawa, Yuya & Mejia, Cristian & Wu, Mengjia & Zhang, Yi, 2022. "Academic landscape of Technological Forecasting and Social Change through citation network and topic analyses," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    10. Oleg Golubchikov & Mary J. Thornbush, 2022. "Smart Cities as Hybrid Spaces of Governance: Beyond the Hard/Soft Dichotomy in Cyber-Urbanization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-12, August.
    11. Renata Biadacz & Marek Biadacz, 2021. "Implementation of “Smart” Solutions and An Attempt to Measure Them: A Case Study of Czestochowa, Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-28, September.
    12. Aleksandra Jadach-Sepioło & Katarzyna Olejniczak-Szuster & Michał Dziadkiewicz, 2021. "Does Environment Matter in Smart Revitalization Strategies? Management towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration Programs in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    13. Richard Hu, 2019. "The State of Smart Cities in China: The Case of Shenzhen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-18, November.
    14. Bencsik, Barbara & Palmié, Maximilian & Parida, Vinit & Wincent, Joakim & Gassmann, Oliver, 2023. "Business models for digital sustainability: Framework, microfoundations of value capture, and empirical evidence from 130 smart city services," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    15. Tan Yigitcanlar & Bo Xia & Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi Cortese & Jamile Sabatini-Marques, 2023. "Understanding City 4.0: A Triple Bottom Line Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    16. El Barachi, May & Salim, Taghreed Abu & Nyadzayo, Munyaradzi W. & Mathew, Sujith & Badewi, Amgad & Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph, 2022. "The relationship between citizen readiness and the intention to continuously use smart city services: Mediating effects of satisfaction and discomfort," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    17. Leonardo Guevara & Fernando Auat Cheein, 2020. "The Role of 5G Technologies: Challenges in Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-15, August.
    18. Ginevra Balletto & Mara Ladu & Federico Camerin & Emilio Ghiani & Jacopo Torriti, 2022. "More Circular City in the Energy and Ecological Transition: A Methodological Approach to Sustainable Urban Regeneration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-18, November.
    19. Gelashvili, Vera & Martínez-Navalón, Juan Gabriel & DeMatos, Nelson & de Brito Correia, Marisol, 2024. "Technological transformation: The importance of E-WOM and perceived privacy in the context of opinion platforms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    20. Barrutia, Jose M. & Echebarria, Carmen & Aguado-Moralejo, Itziar & Apaolaza-Ibáñez, Vanessa & Hartmann, Patrick, 2022. "Leading smart city projects: Government dynamic capabilities and public value creation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2022:i:1:p:104-:d:1018548. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.