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Soil Natural Recovery Process and Fagus orientalis Lipsky Seedling Growth after Timber Extraction by Wheeled Skidder

Author

Listed:
  • Farzam Tavankar

    (Department of Forestry, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal 56817-31367, Iran)

  • Rodolfo Picchio

    (Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy)

  • Mehrdad Nikooy

    (Forestry Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara 41996-13776, Iran)

  • Meghdad Jourgholami

    (Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran)

  • Ramin Naghdi

    (Forestry Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara 41996-13776, Iran)

  • Francesco Latterini

    (CREA Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via della Pascolare, 16, 00015 Rome, Italy)

  • Rachele Venanzi

    (Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy)

Abstract

The growth and quality of natural seedlings are important goals of forest management in uneven-aged high stands. In this study, the recovery process of the physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as growth variables of beech seedlings on the skid trails after skidding operations in three time periods (10, 20, and 30 years) were investigated in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Results revealed that the soil chemical properties (organic C, total N, and pH) were fully recovered after 20 years, while soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, and penetration resistance) were not yet fully recovered even after 30 years. The values of growth characteristics (stem and root system) and the quality index of beech seedlings were not statistically different from those of the control area ones after 20 years. According to our findings, the process of recovering soil characteristics after forest operations is long and takes more than 30 years. Considering the effect that soil compaction can have on seedling establishment and growth, proper planning of the forest operation is needed to limit the negative effects of forest operations, which meets the requirements of sustainable forest management. We suggest designing skid trails with a minimum distance of 140 m from each other and with a longitudinal slope of less than 15%, in compliance with the principles of best management practice (BMP).

Suggested Citation

  • Farzam Tavankar & Rodolfo Picchio & Mehrdad Nikooy & Meghdad Jourgholami & Ramin Naghdi & Francesco Latterini & Rachele Venanzi, 2021. "Soil Natural Recovery Process and Fagus orientalis Lipsky Seedling Growth after Timber Extraction by Wheeled Skidder," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:113-:d:486699
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hanwei Li & Juhua Ding & Jiang Zhang & Zhenan Yang & Bin Yang & Qiuan Zhu & Changhui Peng, 2020. "Effects of Land Cover Changes on Net Primary Productivity in the Terrestrial Ecosystems of China from 2001 to 2012," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Suhua Zhou & Shuaikang Zhou & Xin Tan, 2020. "Nationwide Susceptibility Mapping of Landslides in Kenya Using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Model," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-22, December.
    3. Hadi Sohrabi & Meghdad Jourgholami & Mohammad Jafari & Naghi Shabanian & Rachele Venanzi & Farzam Tavankar & Rodolfo Picchio, 2020. "Soil Recovery Assessment after Timber Harvesting Based on the Sustainable Forest Operation (SFO) Perspective in Iranian Temperate Forests," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Meghdad Jourgholami & Azadeh Khoramizadeh & Angela Lo Monaco & Rachele Venanzi & Francesco Latterini & Farzam Tavankar & Rodolfo Picchio, 2021. "Evaluation of Leaf Litter Mulching and Incorporation on Skid Trails for the Recovery of Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties of Mixed Broadleaved Forests," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Francesco Latterini & Rachele Venanzi & Damiano Tocci & Rodolfo Picchio, 2022. "Depth-to-Water Maps to Identify Soil Areas That Are Potentially Sensitive to Logging Disturbance: Initial Evaluations in the Mediterranean Forest Context," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Rachele Venanzi & Francesco Latterini & Walter Stefanoni & Damiano Tocci & Rodolfo Picchio, 2022. "Variations of Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Features after Logging Using Two Different Ground-Based Extraction Methods in a Beech High Forest—A Case Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-14, March.

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