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Anthropogenic and Climatic Factors Differentially Affect Waterbody Area and Connectivity in an Urbanizing Landscape: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China

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  • Chang Liu

    (College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Emily S. Minor

    (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Megan B. Garfinkel

    (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

  • Bo Mu

    (College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

  • Guohang Tian

    (College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

Abstract

Urbanization alters the distribution and characteristics of waterbodies, potentially affecting both the habitat availability and connectivity for aquatic wildlife. We used Landsat satellite imagery to observe temporal and spatial changes in open-water habitats in Zhengzhou, a rapidly growing city in central China. We classified open water into six categories: perennial rivers, seasonal rivers and streams, canals, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. From 1990 to 2020, in 5-year intervals, we identified, counted, and measured the area of each kind of waterbody, and we used a model selection approach with linear regressions to ask which climate and anthropogenic drivers were associated with these changes. We also used Conefor software to examine how these changes affected the landscape connectivity for waterfowl. Over the study period, lakes and canals were the only waterbody types to show statistically significant changes in surface area, increasing by 712% and 236%, respectively. Changes in lakes and canals were positively correlated with the length of water pipeline in the city. The connectivity of waterbodies fluctuated over the same period, mirroring fluctuations in the perennial Yellow River. Ponds contributed very little to landscape connectivity, and the importance of reservoirs decreased over time. Conversely, canals played an increasingly important role in landscape connectivity over time. Counterintuitively, the connectivity of waterbodies increased in the built-up part of the city. Our results show that urbanization can have unexpected effects—both positive and negative—on the connectivity and area of open-water habitats. These effects are likely to be important for waterfowl and other aquatic organisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Chang Liu & Emily S. Minor & Megan B. Garfinkel & Bo Mu & Guohang Tian, 2021. "Anthropogenic and Climatic Factors Differentially Affect Waterbody Area and Connectivity in an Urbanizing Landscape: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-23, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:10:p:1070-:d:653535
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuhan Bai & Jiajia Zhao & Hangrui Shen & Xinyao Li & Bo Wen, 2024. "The Evolution of Forest Landscape Connectivity and Ecological Network Construction: A Case Study of Zhejiang’s Ecological Corridors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-24, July.
    2. Sanja Gašparović & Ana Sopina & Anton Zeneral, 2022. "Impacts of Zagreb’s Urban Development on Dynamic Changes in Stream Landscapes from Mid-Twentieth Century," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-25, May.
    3. Chang Liu & Yongge Hu & Assemgul Taukenova & Guohang Tian & Bo Mu, 2023. "Identification of Wetland Conservation Gaps in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, January.

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