IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v18y2025i3p119-d1598489.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Is There a Common Financial Cycle in Systemic Economies?

Author

Listed:
  • Khwazi Magubane

    (Economic Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa)

Abstract

Countries such as advanced systemic economies (ASEs) and systemic middle-income countries (SMICs), considering macroprudential policy coordination, must ensure that their financial cycles are sufficiently synchronized. However, differences in the features and significance of financial cycles between ASEs and SMICs pose challenges in determining the extent of their synchronization. Accordingly, this study assesses whether a common financial cycle exists between these types of economies. The point of departure for this analysis is to examine the characteristics of the common financial cycle. To this end, this study employs data on capital flows, credit, house prices, share prices, and policy rates, utilizing the Markov switching dynamic regression model and the dynamic factor model to identify and analyze the cycle. The findings reveal strong evidence of a significant financial cycle, which explains 83% of the total variation across countries. This cycle is characterized by longer durations compared to domestic financial cycles and occurs less frequently than domestic cycles. Moreover, it exhibits high persistence in its contractionary and expansionary phases, with greater volatility in the contractionary phase. Based on these findings, it is recommended that ASEs and SMICs consider establishing a supranational prudential authority to coordinate and oversee macroprudential policy on behalf of the majority. Such an entity should play a proactive role, particularly during contractionary phases, to mitigate systemic risks and enhance financial stability across these interconnected economies.

Suggested Citation

  • Khwazi Magubane, 2025. "Is There a Common Financial Cycle in Systemic Economies?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-31, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:18:y:2025:i:3:p:119-:d:1598489
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/18/3/119/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/18/3/119/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Strohsal, Till & Proaño, Christian R. & Wolters, Jürgen, 2019. "Characterizing the financial cycle: Evidence from a frequency domain analysis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 568-591.
    2. repec:cup:cbooks:9781108422536 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Philip R. Lane & Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, 2018. "The External Wealth of Nations Revisited: International Financial Integration in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 66(1), pages 189-222, March.
    4. Schüler, Yves S. & Hiebert, Paul P. & Peltonen, Tuomas A., 2020. "Financial cycles: Characterisation and real-time measurement," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    5. Juan M. Morelli & Pablo Ottonello & Diego J. Perez, 2022. "Global Banks and Systemic Debt Crises," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 90(2), pages 749-798, March.
    6. Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2009. "The Aftermath of Financial Crises," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(2), pages 466-472, May.
    7. Claessens, Stijn & Kose, M. Ayhan & Terrones, Marco E., 2012. "How do business and financial cycles interact?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 178-190.
    8. Potjagailo, Galina & Wolters, Maik H., 2023. "Global financial cycles since 1880," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    9. Julian di Giovanni & Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan & Mehmet Fatih Ulu & Yusuf Soner Baskaya, 2022. "International Spillovers and Local Credit Cycles," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(2), pages 733-773.
    10. Tae Soo Kang & Kyunghun Kim, 2019. "Push vs. Pull Factors of Capital Flows Revisited: A Cross-country Analysis," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 18(1), pages 39-60, Winter/Sp.
    11. Amat Adarov, 2022. "Financial cycles around the world," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 3163-3201, July.
    12. Hamilton, James D, 1989. "A New Approach to the Economic Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series and the Business Cycle," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(2), pages 357-384, March.
    13. Huseyin Tastan & Nuri Yildirim, 2008. "Business cycle asymmetries in Turkey: an application of Markov-switching autoregressions," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(3), pages 315-333.
    14. Biruk Birhanu Ashenafi & Yan Dong, 2023. "Financial openness, financial sector development, and income inequality: With an extensive set of pull and push factors," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 35(2), pages 138-151, June.
    15. Mathias Drehmann & Claudio Borio & Kostas Tsatsaronis, 2012. "Characterising the financial cycle: don't lose sight of the medium term!," BIS Working Papers 380, Bank for International Settlements.
    16. Borio, Claudio, 2014. "The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 182-198.
    17. Eickmeier, Sandra & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Hofmann, Boris, 2014. "Understanding global liquidity," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-18.
    18. Matthias Kranke & David Yarrow, 2019. "The Global Governance of Systemic Risk: How Measurement Practices Tame Macroprudential Politics," New Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(6), pages 816-832, November.
    19. Škare, Marinko & Porada-Rochoń, Małgorzata, 2020. "Multi-channel singular-spectrum analysis of financial cycles in ten developed economies for 1970–2018," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 567-575.
    20. Beck, Thorsten & Buiter, Willem & Dominguez, Kathryn & Gros, Daniel & Gross, Christian & Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem & Peltonen, Tuomas & Sánchez Serrano, Antonio & Portes, Richard, 2020. "The global dimensions of macroprudential policy," Report of the Advisory Scientific Committee 10, European Systemic Risk Board.
    21. Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan & Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas & Veronika Penciakova & Nick Sander, 2020. "COVID-19 and SME Failures," IMF Working Papers 2020/207, International Monetary Fund.
    22. Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas & Ṣebnem Kalemli-Özcan & Veronika Penciakova & Nick Sander, 2020. "SME Failures Under Large Liquidity Shocks: An Application to the COVID-19 Crisis," NBER Working Papers 27877, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    23. Adél Bosch & Steven F. Koch, 2020. "The South African Financial Cycle and its Relation to Household Deleveraging," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 88(2), pages 145-173, June.
    24. Aizenman, Joshua, 2019. "A modern reincarnation of Mundell-Fleming's trilemma," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 444-454.
    25. Ming-Yuan Leon Li & Hsiou-Wei William Lin & Rau Hsiu-hua, 2005. "The performance of the Markov-switching model on business cycle identification revisited," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(8), pages 513-520.
    26. Brooks,Chris, 2019. "Introductory Econometrics for Finance," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781108436823, January.
    27. Ovidiu Stoica & Otilia-Roxana Oprea & Ionel Bostan & Carmen Sandu Toderașcu & Cristina Mihaela Lazăr, 2020. "European Banking Integration and Sustainable Economic Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, February.
    28. Sebastiã N A. Rey, 2022. "A Linkage Between The Financial And The Real Economy," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 17(03), pages 1-33, September.
    29. Kang, Tae Soo & Kim, Kyunghun, 2019. "Push vs. Pull Factors of Capital Flows Revisited: A Cross-country Analysis," Working Papers 19-1, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Milan Christian de Wet, 2021. "Modelling the Australasian Financial Cycle: A Markov-Regime Switching Approach," International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Kavala Campus, Greece, vol. 14(1), pages 69-79, June.
    2. Milan Christian Wet & Ilse Botha, 2022. "Constructing and Characterising the Aggregate South African Financial Cycle: A Markov Regime-Switching Approach," Journal of Business Cycle Research, Springer;Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys (CIRET), vol. 18(1), pages 37-67, March.
    3. Amat Adarov, 2022. "Financial cycles around the world," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 3163-3201, July.
    4. Amat Adarov, 2023. "Financial cycles in Europe: dynamics, synchronicity and implications for business cycles and macroeconomic imbalances," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 50(2), pages 551-583, May.
    5. Adél Bosch & Steven F. Koch, 2020. "The South African Financial Cycle and its Relation to Household Deleveraging," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 88(2), pages 145-173, June.
    6. Hartwig, Benny & Meinerding, Christoph & Schüler, Yves S., 2021. "Identifying indicators of systemic risk," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    7. Khwazi Magubane, 2024. "Financial cycles synchronisation in South Africa. A dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) Approach," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(1), pages 2321069-232, December.
    8. Herwartz, Helmut & Ochsner, Christian & Rohloff, Hannes, 2020. "The credit composition of global liquidity," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 409, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    9. Hwang, Sun Ho & Kim, Yun Jung, 2021. "International output synchronization at different frequencies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    10. Potjagailo, Galina & Wolters, Maik H., 2023. "Global financial cycles since 1880," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    11. Xin Tian & Jan Jacobs & Jakob de Haan, 2022. "Alternative Measures for the Global Financial Cycle: Do They Make a Difference?," CESifo Working Paper Series 9730, CESifo.
    12. Borio, Claudio & Drehmann, Mathias & Xia, Fan Dora, 2020. "Forecasting recessions: the importance of the financial cycle," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    13. Karsten Kohler & Benjamin Tippet & Engelbert Stockhammer, 2023. "House price cycles, housing systems, and growth models," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 20(3), pages 461-490, December.
    14. Amat Adarov, 2017. "Financial Cycles in Credit, Housing and Capital Markets: Evidence from Systemic Economies," wiiw Working Papers 140, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    15. Schüler, Yves S. & Hiebert, Paul P. & Peltonen, Tuomas A., 2020. "Financial cycles: Characterisation and real-time measurement," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    16. Jakob Fiedler & Josef Ruzicka & Thomas Theobald, 2019. "The Real-Time Information Content of Financial Stress and Bank Lending on European Business Cycles," IMK Working Paper 198-2019, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    17. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2016_014 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Monica Billio & Anna Petronevich, 2017. "Dynamical Interaction between Financial and Business Cycles," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01692239, HAL.
    19. Borsi, Mihály Tamás, 2018. "Credit contractions and unemployment," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 573-593.
    20. Malgorzata Porada - Rochon, 2020. "The Length of Financial Cycle and its Impact on Business Cycle in Poland," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 1278-1290.
    21. Christian Menden & Christian R. Proaño, 2017. "Dissecting the financial cycle with dynamic factor models," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(12), pages 1965-1994, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:18:y:2025:i:3:p:119-:d:1598489. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.