IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v16y2023i3p205-d1098882.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Organizational Risk Management and Performance from the Perspective of Fraud: A Comparative Study in Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Hussein Alkhyyoon

    (Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

  • Mohammad Reza Abbaszadeh

    (Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

  • Farzaneh Nassir Zadeh

    (Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran)

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the impact of enterprise risk management (ERM) on the firm performance of capital markets in developing nations such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. In order to achieve the study’s primary purpose, the economic environments of Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, three neighboring and developing nations, were examined from 2012 to 2019. The hypotheses were tested using panel regression analysis. According to the data, ERM might boost the return on assets and lower the total assets of Iranian enterprises while raising the total assets of Iraqi firms. In addition, the data demonstrated that ERM decreased sales growth and boosted net profit margins in Saudi Arabian companies. ERM enhanced the return on assets in Iranian enterprises and sales growth in Saudi Arabian firms while lowering sales growth in Iraqi firms. In addition, it was shown that total asset turnover increased in non-fraudulent Iranian companies but fell in their Iraqi counterparts. The outcomes of this study revealed substantial evidence regarding the financial conditions and performance of companies operating in emerging nations. As a result, it can be inferred that ERM efficiency and firm performance can be influenced by the firm’s nature and structure, as the findings in these three economic environments were fundamentally distinct. This research contributed to the literature on ERM as one of the essential elements influencing business performance in emerging economies with varying capital market laws. In addition, the literature and acquired data demonstrate the scope of fraud and its influence on the performance of businesses in developing nations.

Suggested Citation

  • Hussein Alkhyyoon & Mohammad Reza Abbaszadeh & Farzaneh Nassir Zadeh, 2023. "Organizational Risk Management and Performance from the Perspective of Fraud: A Comparative Study in Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-27, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:205-:d:1098882
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/3/205/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/16/3/205/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. André P. Liebenberg & Robert E. Hoyt, 2003. "The Determinants of Enterprise Risk Management: Evidence From the Appointment of Chief Risk Officers," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 6(1), pages 37-52, February.
    2. Colin C. Williams & Abbi M. Kedir, 2017. "Evaluating The Impacts Of Starting Up Unregistered On Firm Performance In Africa," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(03), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Umer Iqbal & Christopher Gan & Muhammad Nadeem, 2020. "Economic policy uncertainty and firm performance," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(10), pages 765-770, June.
    4. Florio, Cristina & Leoni, Giulia, 2017. "Enterprise risk management and firm performance: The Italian case," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 56-74.
    5. Inder K. Khurana & Hoyoun Kyung, 2021. "Internal control material weakness and CEO recruitment," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(9-10), pages 1940-1987, October.
    6. Mark Farrell & Ronan Gallagher, 2015. "The Valuation Implications of Enterprise Risk Management Maturity," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 82(3), pages 625-657, September.
    7. Giorgio Stefano Bertinetti & Elisa Cavezzali & Gloria Gardenal, 2013. "The effect of the enterprise risk management implementation on the firm value of European companies," Working Papers 10, Venice School of Management - Department of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia.
    8. Songling Yang & Muhammad Ishtiaq & Muhammad Anwar, 2018. "Enterprise Risk Management Practices and Firm Performance, the Mediating Role of Competitive Advantage and the Moderating Role of Financial Literacy," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, June.
    9. Philipp Lechner & Nadine Gatzert, 2018. "Determinants and value of enterprise risk management: empirical evidence from Germany," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(10), pages 867-887, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Valentin Nikolaenko & Anatoly Sidorov, 2023. "Assessing the Maturity Level of Risk Management in IT Projects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-19, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rami Shaheen & Mehmet Ağa & Husam Rjoub & Ahmad Abualrub, 2020. "Investigation of the Pillars of Sustainability Risk Management as an Extension of Enterprise Risk Management on Palestinian Insurance Firms’ Profitability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-20, June.
    2. Ivana Dvorski Lacković & Nataša Kurnoga & Danijela Miloš Sprčić, 2022. "Three-factor model of Enterprise Risk Management implementation: exploratory study of non-financial companies," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(2), pages 101-122, June.
    3. Malik, Muhammad Farhan & Zaman, Mahbub & Buckby, Sherrena, 2020. "Enterprise risk management and firm performance: Role of the risk committee," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(1).
    4. Alessandra Allini & Raffaela Casciello & Marco Maffei & Martina Prisco, 2022. "The national culture as a determinant of ERM quality: Empirical evidence in the European banking context," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2022(1), pages 79-102.
    5. Ivana Dvorski Lacković & Danijela Miloš Sprčić, 2024. "Enterprise risk management and organizational performance: exploring mediation effects of entrepreneurial orientation," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(3), pages 1-23, September.
    6. Sorin Gabriel Anton & Anca Elena Afloarei Nucu, 2020. "Enterprise Risk Management: A Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, November.
    7. José Ruiz-Canela López, 2021. "How Can Enterprise Risk Management Help in Evaluating the Operational Risks for a Telecommunications Company?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-26, March.
    8. Songling Yang & Muhammad Ishtiaq & Muhammad Anwar, 2018. "Enterprise Risk Management Practices and Firm Performance, the Mediating Role of Competitive Advantage and the Moderating Role of Financial Literacy," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, June.
    9. Ben Kajwang, 2022. "Theoretical review of enterprise risk management culture drivers for insurance firms in Kenya," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 11(5), pages 210-217, July.
    10. Lenka Syrová & Jindřich Špička, 2023. "Exploring the indirect links between enterprise risk management and the financial performance of SMEs," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(1), pages 1-27, March.
    11. ŞENOL, Zekai & KARACA, Süleyman Serdar, 2017. "The Effect Of Enterprise Risk Management On Firm Performance: A Case Study On Turkey," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 21(2), pages 6-30.
    12. Najat Shakir Mahmood & Elsadig Musa Ahmed, 2023. "Mediating effect of risk management practices in Iraqi private banks financial performance," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 28(2), pages 358-377, June.
    13. Heidinger, Dinah & Gatzert, Nadine, 2018. "Awareness, determinants and value of reputation risk management: Empirical evidence from the banking and insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 106-118.
    14. Don Pagach & Monika Wieczorek-Kosmala, 2020. "The Challenges and Opportunities for ERM Post-COVID-19: Agendas for Future Research," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-10, December.
    15. Evan M. Eastman & Jianren Xu, 2021. "Market reactions to enterprise risk management adoption, incorporation by rating agencies, and ORSA Act passage," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 24(2), pages 151-180, June.
    16. Ena Pecina & Danijela Miloš Sprčić & Ivana Dvorski Lacković, 2022. "Qualitative Analysis of Enterprise Risk Management Systems in the Largest European Electric Power Companies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, July.
    17. Simon Ashby & Trevor Buck & Stephanie Nöth-Zahn & Thomas Peisl, 2018. "Emerging IT Risks: Insights from German Banking," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 43(2), pages 180-207, April.
    18. Quick, Reiner & Gauch, Kevin, 2021. "Is assurance on risk management systems relevant for bankers’ decisions?," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    19. Grazia Dicuonzo & Graziana Galeone & Erika Zappimbulso & Vittorio Dell'Atti, 2019. "Risk Management 4.0: The Role of Big Data Analytics in the Bank Sector," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 9(6), pages 40-47.
    20. Doureige J. Jurdi & Sam M. AlGhnaimat, 2021. "The Effects of ERM Adoption on European Insurance Firms Performance and Risks," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:205-:d:1098882. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.