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A Structural Equation Model for Understanding the Relationship between Cognitive Reserve, Autonomy, Depression and Quality of Life in Aging

Author

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  • Maria Gattuso

    (Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy)

  • Stefania Butti

    (Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy)

  • Inaihá Laureano Benincá

    (Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy)

  • Andrea Greco

    (Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy)

  • Michela Di Trani

    (Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesca Morganti

    (Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
    CHL—Centre for Healthy Longevity, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy)

Abstract

In recent years, aging has become a focal point of scientific research and health policies due to the growing demographic trend of an aging worldwide population. Understanding the protective and risk factors that influence aging trajectories is crucial for designing targeted interventions that support healthy aging and improve people’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between variables of aging. A total of 103 Italian participants (55–75 years old) underwent multidimensional assessments that covered cognitive, functional, emotional, and quality of life dimensions. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and elucidate the relationships between depression, quality of life, cognitive reserve, executive functions, and daily autonomy. The findings revealed that a higher quality of life was associated with reduced depressive symptoms. In addition, cognitive reserve emerged as a protective factor positively correlated with both quality of life and daily autonomy. In this study, quality of life was determined using physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains. Identifying the significant relationships between these variables in a sample of late adults and young-aged people has given us useful elements for designing psycho-educational interventions that can be aimed at preventing frailty in later old age or supporting healthy longevity.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Gattuso & Stefania Butti & Inaihá Laureano Benincá & Andrea Greco & Michela Di Trani & Francesca Morganti, 2024. "A Structural Equation Model for Understanding the Relationship between Cognitive Reserve, Autonomy, Depression and Quality of Life in Aging," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(9), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:9:p:1117-:d:1462859
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amy Fiske & Margaret Gatz & Nancy L. Pedersen, 2003. "Depressive Symptoms and Aging: The Effects of Illness and Non-Health-Related Events," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 58(6), pages 320-328.
    2. S. Bunt & N. Steverink & J. Olthof & C. P. Schans & J. S. M. Hobbelen, 2017. "Social frailty in older adults: a scoping review," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 323-334, September.
    3. Vani Borooah, 2010. "Gender Differences in the Incidence of Depression and Anxiety: Econometric Evidence from the USA," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 11(6), pages 663-682, December.
    4. Laura Ponce de León & Jean Pierre Lévy Mangin & Soledad Ballesteros, 2020. "Psychosocial Determinants of Quality of Life and Active Aging. A Structural Equation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-10, August.
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