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Pesticide Exposure in the Cultivation of Carica papaya L. and Capsicum annuum L. in Rural Areas of Oaxaca, Mexico

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  • Héctor Ulises Bernardino-Hernández

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • Yael Gallardo-García

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • Gerardo Vargas-Valencia

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • Arturo Zapién-Martínez

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • Gabriel Sánchez-Cruz

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • Leobardo Reyes-Velasco

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • José Ángel Cueva-Villanueva

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • Ericel Hernández-García

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • Jaime Vargas-Arzola

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

  • Honorio Torres-Aguilar

    (Chemical Sciences Faculty, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO), Av. Universidad S/N. Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca C.P. 68120, Mexico)

Abstract

This study focuses on describing the diversity of pesticides, the knowledge and behaviors of their use, and the acute poisoning symptoms (APS) derived from their exposure from two agricultural production systems (papaya— Carica papaya L.- and chili— Capsicum annuum L.-) in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through surveys, sociodemographic information, characteristics of the production system, knowledge and behaviors in the handling of pesticides, and APS perceived by users were captured. Papaya producers are younger, have fewer years of activity, and have larger agricultural areas than chili producers. Insect attacks and diseases are an essential factor for the application of pesticides. Thirty-one active ingredients (Ais) were identified in papaya and thirty-seven in chili, predominantly insecticides and fungicides of toxicological category IV. Approximately 50% of users apply mixtures of different Ais, have little knowledge and inappropriate behavior in their handling, and report up to five acute pesticide poisoning symptoms, mainly burning and irritation of the skin, burning eyes, itchy skin, runny nose, headache, and watery eyes. The production of papaya and chili are relevant activities for generating economic income, but they risk the producer’s and their family’s health. Both systems are a potential scenario for the manifestation of diseases due to exposure to pesticides in the medium and long term.

Suggested Citation

  • Héctor Ulises Bernardino-Hernández & Yael Gallardo-García & Gerardo Vargas-Valencia & Arturo Zapién-Martínez & Gabriel Sánchez-Cruz & Leobardo Reyes-Velasco & José Ángel Cueva-Villanueva & Ericel Hern, 2024. "Pesticide Exposure in the Cultivation of Carica papaya L. and Capsicum annuum L. in Rural Areas of Oaxaca, Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:8:p:1061-:d:1455676
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrea Farnham & Samuel Fuhrimann & Philipp Staudacher & Marcela Quirós-Lépiz & Carly Hyland & Mirko S. Winkler & Ana M. Mora, 2021. "Long-Term Neurological and Psychological Distress Symptoms among Smallholder Farmers in Costa Rica with a History of Acute Pesticide Poisoning," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Zhanping Hu, 2020. "What Socio-Economic and Political Factors Lead to Global Pesticide Dependence? A Critical Review from a Social Science Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Yuichiro Amekawa & Surat Hongsibsong & Nootchakarn Sawarng & Girma Gezimu Gebre, 2023. "Chili Pepper Farmers’ Pesticide Use and Residues under Thailand’s Public Good Agricultural Practices Standard: A Case Study in Chiang Mai Province," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-22, May.
    4. Bravo Ortega, Claudio & Lederman, Daniel, 2009. "La agricultura y el bienestar nacional en el mundo," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(303), pages 557-617, julio-sep.
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