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Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Long-Haul Truck Drivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review

Author

Listed:
  • Fernanda Lise

    (Nursing Faculty, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil)

  • Mona Shattell

    (College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA)

  • Flávia Lise Garcia

    (Anthropology Faculty, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-770, RS, Brazil)

  • Laurel Kincl

    (College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA)

Abstract

Long-haul truck drivers are responsible for transporting goods valued at millions of dollars of the world economy, and may have their health affected by living and working conditions. This study analyzed and synthesized scientific findings about risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in long-haul truck drivers. An integrative literature review was conducted. We identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria and evaluated the health of 7363 drivers. The biological risk factors identified were age, gender, race/ethnicity, genetics, and comorbidities, and were considered to be non-modifiable for chronic diseases. The behavioral risks considered to be modifiable were sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, diet, stress, anxiety, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. Environmental risks involved working conditions such as the following: number of working hours per day, week, and month; time away from home; risk of musculoskeletal injury; and opportunities for rest, hours of sleep, and access to health services. The results were presented in two categories: (1) biological, behavioral, and environmental risks, and (2) general recommendations to promote physical, cognitive, and emotional health. Macro-structural changes are needed to reorganize work and rest, improve access to health services to control modifiable risk factors, and to support behavioral and environmental changes to reduce chronic non-communicable diseases and deaths.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernanda Lise & Mona Shattell & Flávia Lise Garcia & Laurel Kincl, 2024. "Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Long-Haul Truck Drivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(7), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:7:p:897-:d:1431899
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adam Hege & Michael K. Lemke & Yorghos Apostolopoulos & Brian Whitaker & Sevil Sönmez, 2019. "Work-Life Conflict among U.S. Long-Haul Truck Drivers: Influences of Work Organization, Perceived Job Stress, Sleep, and Organizational Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
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