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The Risk Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Multimorbidity of Anaemia, Malaria, and Malnutrition among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Nigeria

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  • Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan

    (School of Medicine and Population Health, Division of Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4AD, UK
    Department of Liberal Studies, College of Business and Administrative Studies, Niger State Polytechnic, Bida Campus, Bida 912231, Nigeria)

  • Stephen J. Walters

    (School of Medicine and Population Health, Division of Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4AD, UK)

  • Richard M. Jacques

    (School of Medicine and Population Health, Division of Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4AD, UK)

  • Khaled Khatab

    (Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK)

Abstract

In the last ten years, multimorbidity in children under the age of five years has become an emerging health issue in developing countries. The study of multimorbidity of anaemia, malaria, and malnutrition (MAMM) among children in Nigeria has not received significant attention. This study aims to investigate what risk factors are associated with the prevalence of multimorbidity among children aged 6 to 59 months in Nigeria. This study used two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and the 2018 National Human Development Report. A series of multilevel mixed-effect ordered logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between child/parent/household variables (at level 1), community-related variables (at level 2) and area-related variables (at level 3), and the multimorbidity outcome (no disease, one disease only, two or more diseases). The results show that 48.3% (4917/10,184) of the sample of children aged 6–59 months display two or more of the disease outcomes. Being a female child, the maternal parent having completed higher education, the mother being anaemic, the household wealth quintile being in the richest category, the proportion of community wealth status being high, the region being in the south, and place of residence being rural were among the significant predictors of MAMM ( p < 0.05). The prevalence of MAMM found in this study is unacceptably high. If suitable actions are not urgently taken, Nigeria’s ability to actualise SDG-3 will be in grave danger. Therefore, suitable policies are necessary to pave the way for the creation/development of integrated care models to ameliorate this problem.

Suggested Citation

  • Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan & Stephen J. Walters & Richard M. Jacques & Khaled Khatab, 2024. "The Risk Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Multimorbidity of Anaemia, Malaria, and Malnutrition among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Nigeria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(6), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:6:p:765-:d:1414249
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan & Stephen J. Walters & Richard Jacques & Khaled Khatab, 2021. "Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-25, October.
    2. Nandy, Shailen & Daoud, Adel & Gordon, David, 2016. "Examining the changing profile of undernutrition in the context of food price rises and greater inequality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 153-163.
    3. Bomi Park & Hye Ah Lee & Hyesook Park, 2019. "Use of latent class analysis to identify multimorbidity patterns and associated factors in Korean adults aged 50 years and older," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, November.
    4. Nandy, Shailen & Jaime Miranda, J., 2008. "Overlooking undernutrition? Using a composite index of anthropometric failure to assess how underweight misses and misleads the assessment of undernutrition in young children," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(9), pages 1963-1966, May.
    5. Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan & Stephen J. Walters & Richard Jacques & Khaled Khatab, 2021. "A Scoping Review of Selected Studies on Predictor Variables Associated with the Malaria Status among Children under Five Years in Sub-Saharan Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-21, February.
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