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Experience of Discrimination and Oral Health Self-Perception: A Cross-Sectional Study among Brazilian Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Renato Vitor Vieira

    (Department of Social and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Carlos Antonio Gomes da Cruz

    (Department of Social and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Gizelton Pereira Alencar

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil)

  • Viviane Elisângela Gomes

    (Department of Social and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil)

  • Loliza Luiz Figueiredo Houri Chalub

    (Department of Social and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil)

  • Anna Rachel dos Santos Soares

    (Department of Social and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil)

  • Maria Luiza Viana Fonseca

    (Department of Social and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil)

  • Ichiro Kawachi

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • Raquel Conceição Ferreira

    (Department of Social and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil)

Abstract

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between experiences of discrimination and oral health self-perception among a probabilistic cluster sample of Brazilian adults who participated in the 2013 National Health Survey. Oral health self-perception was categorized into three groups (very good + good; fair; poor + very poor). Reported experiences of discrimination included attributions based on the respondent’s race/skin color, social class, income, occupation, illness, sexual orientation, religion, sex, and age. Covariates included sociodemographic data, oral health conditions, access to healthcare services, health habits, mental health, and participation in social and/or religious activities. Data were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression for non-proportional odds, considering sample weights and complex samples. Among 60,202 adults, 5.84% perceived their oral health as poor + very poor, with a significantly higher proportion among those experiencing discrimination (9.98%). Adults who experienced discrimination were 1.39 times more likely to report a “poor/very poor/fair” oral health self-perception compared to those who did not experience discrimination. Those who suffered discrimination were 1.28 times more likely to have a “very poor/poor” oral health self-perception than their counterparts who were not affected by discrimination. These findings underscore the importance of considering discrimination experiences as part of the social determinants influencing oral health.

Suggested Citation

  • Renato Vitor Vieira & Carlos Antonio Gomes da Cruz & Gizelton Pereira Alencar & Viviane Elisângela Gomes & Loliza Luiz Figueiredo Houri Chalub & Anna Rachel dos Santos Soares & Maria Luiza Viana Fonse, 2024. "Experience of Discrimination and Oral Health Self-Perception: A Cross-Sectional Study among Brazilian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(6), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:6:p:743-:d:1410178
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Richard Williams, 2006. "Generalized ordered logit/partial proportional odds models for ordinal dependent variables," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 6(1), pages 58-82, March.
    2. Isabel Aguilar-Palacio & Ana Isabel Gil-Lacruz & Raquel Sánchez-Recio & Mª José Rabanaque, 2018. "Self-rated health in Europe and its determinants: Does generation matter?," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(2), pages 223-232, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Rachel dos Santos Soares & Maria Luiza Viana Fonseca & Deborah Carvalho Malta & Loliza Luiz Figueiredo Houri Chalub & Raquel Conceição Ferreira, 2024. "Decrease in Socioeconomic Disparities in Self-Rated Oral Health among Brazilian Adults between 2013 and 2019: Results from the National Health Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(9), pages 1-13, September.

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