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The Work Ability Index (WAI) in the Healthcare Sector: A Cross-Sectional/Retrospective Assessment of the Questionnaire

Author

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  • Nicola Magnavita

    (Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
    S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Association of Italian Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, 00148 Rome, Italy)

  • Igor Meraglia

    (Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Giacomo Viti

    (Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Lorenzo Borghese

    (S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Association of Italian Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, 00148 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

The Work Ability Index (WAI) is the most widely used questionnaire for the self-assessment of working ability. Because of its different applications, shorter versions, and widespread use in healthcare activities, assessing its characteristics is worthwhile. The WAI was distributed online among the employees of a healthcare company; the results were compared with data contained in the employees’ personal health records and with absence registers. A total of 340 out of 575 workers (59.1%) participated; 6.5% of them reported poor work ability. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the one-factor version best described the characteristics of the WAI. The scores of the complete WAI, the shorter form without the list of diseases, and the minimal one-item version (WAS) had equal distribution and were significantly correlated. The WAI score was inversely related to age and significantly lower in women than in men, but it was higher in night workers than in their day shift counterparts due to the probable effect of selective factors. The WAI score was also correlated with absenteeism, but no differences were found between males and females in the average number of absences, suggesting that cultural or emotional factors influence the self-rating of the WAI. Workers tended to over-report illnesses in the online survey compared to data collected during occupational health checks. Musculoskeletal disorders were the most frequently reported illnesses (53%). Psychiatric illnesses affected 21% of workers and had the greatest impact on work ability. Multilevel ergonomic and human factor intervention seems to be needed to recover the working capacity of healthcare workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicola Magnavita & Igor Meraglia & Giacomo Viti & Lorenzo Borghese, 2024. "The Work Ability Index (WAI) in the Healthcare Sector: A Cross-Sectional/Retrospective Assessment of the Questionnaire," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:3:p:349-:d:1357686
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kristin Suorsa & Ville-Mikko Mattila & Tuija Leskinen & Olli J. Heinonen & Jaana Pentti & Jussi Vahtera & Sari Stenholm, 2022. "Work ability and physical fitness among aging workers: the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1301-1310, December.
    2. Franca Barbic & Maura Minonzio & Beatrice Cairo & Dana Shiffer & Antonio Roberto Zamuner & Silvia Cavalieri & Franca Dipaola & Nicola Magnavita & Alberto Porta & Raffaello Furlan, 2020. "Work Ability Assessment and Its Relationship with Cardiovascular Autonomic Profile in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Kerstin G Reeuwijk & Suzan J W Robroek & Maurice A J Niessen & Roderik A Kraaijenhagen & Yvonne Vergouwe & Alex Burdorf, 2015. "The Prognostic Value of the Work Ability Index for Sickness Absence among Office Workers," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    4. Teresa Patrone Cotrim & Camila Ribeiro & Júlia Teles & Vítor Reis & Maria João Guerreiro & Ana Sofia Janicas & Susana Candeias & Margarida Costa, 2019. "Monitoring Work Ability Index During a Two-Year Period Among Portuguese Municipality Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-12, September.
    5. Yasmín Ezzatvar & Joaquín Calatayud & Lars Louis Andersen & Edgar Ramos Vieira & Rubén López-Bueno & José Casaña, 2021. "Muscular Fitness and Work Ability among Physical Therapists," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-10, February.
    6. Giacomo Garzaro & Ilaria Sottimano & Matteo Di Maso & Enrico Bergamaschi & Maurizio Coggiola & Daniela Converso & Sergio Iavicoli & Enrico Pira & Sara Viotti, 2019. "Work Ability among Italian Bank Video Display Terminal Operators: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle, and Occupational Correlates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-12, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nicola Magnavita & Igor Meraglia, 2024. "Poor Work Ability Is Associated with Workplace Violence in Nurses: A Two-Wave Panel Data Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(9), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Nicola Magnavita & Igor Meraglia & Daniela Andreina Terribile, 2024. "Returning to Work after Breast Cancer: A One-Year Mixed-Methods Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-20, August.

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