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Life after Lockdown: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Behaviors and Impacts of Avoiding COVID-19 in Individuals at High Risk of Severe COVID-19 and Their Caregivers

Author

Listed:
  • Tiago Maia

    (Patient Centered Solutions, IQVIA, 2740-266 Porto Salvo, Portugal)

  • Renata Yokota

    (Epidemiology & Pharmacovigilance, P95, 3001 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Sofie Arnetorp

    (Health Economics & Payer Evidence, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Joanne Smith

    (Patient representative, Vale of Glamorgan, UK)

  • Gail Rae-Garwood

    (Patient representative, Glendale, AZ, USA)

  • Gabriella Settergren

    (Global Evidence Portfolio Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Marie Eckerd

    (Global Patient Engagement R&I, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE 19850, USA)

  • Paul Williams

    (Patient Centered Solutions, IQVIA, 92400 Courbevoie, France
    Patient Centered Science, Vaccine & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden)

Abstract

This exploratory qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with adults and caregivers of adults at high risk of severe COVID-19, addressing current COVID-19 avoidance and protective behaviors and how these behaviors impacted their lives. Results were interpreted in a separate think tank session. Insights were developed into a conceptual model of COVID-19 avoidance and protective behaviors and the associated impacts on health-related quality of life and overall functioning. Data were interpreted using a hybrid inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Twelve high-risk individuals and two caregivers were interviewed across four focus groups (April–July 2022). Major behavioral themes included physical distancing, physical and medical protection, quality of support services and networks, and information to make decisions. Major impacts included family, social, and emotional functioning; work and finances; and healthcare access. The final conceptual model comprised 13 behaviors to avoid COVID-19 categorized within four themes, and 13 impacts within five themes. Individuals at high risk of severe COVID-19 and their caregivers continue practicing COVID-19 avoidance behaviors post-lockdown and feel left behind by the general population. Our conceptual model may be used to inform health authorities and other governing bodies’ decisions in executing strategies aimed at improving these individuals’ lives.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiago Maia & Renata Yokota & Sofie Arnetorp & Joanne Smith & Gail Rae-Garwood & Gabriella Settergren & Marie Eckerd & Paul Williams, 2024. "Life after Lockdown: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Behaviors and Impacts of Avoiding COVID-19 in Individuals at High Risk of Severe COVID-19 and Their Caregivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(10), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:10:p:1307-:d:1489999
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Theo G van Tilburg & Stephanie Steinmetz & Elske Stolte & Henriëtte van der Roest & Daniel H de Vries & Deborah Carr, 2021. "Loneliness and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study Among Dutch Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 76(7), pages 249-255.
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