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Social Support: The Effect on Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping

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  • Wendy C. Birmingham

    (Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Anna Jorgensen

    (Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Sinclaire Hancock

    (Psychology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Lori L. Wadsworth

    (Romney Institute of Public Management, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Man Hung

    (Department of Orthopedic Surgery Operations, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
    College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10894 S River Front Pkwy, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
    George E. Wahlen Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA)

Abstract

Social support has long been associated with cardiovascular disease risk assessed with blood pressure (BP). BP exhibits a circadian rhythm in which BP should dip between 10 and 15% overnight. Blunted nocturnal dipping (non-dipping) is a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality independent of clinical BP and is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease risk than either daytime or nighttime BP. However, it is often examined in hypertensive individuals and less often in normotensive individuals. Those under age 50 are at increased risk for having lower social support. This study examined social support and nocturnal dipping in normotensive individuals under age 50 using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABP). ABP was collected in 179 participants throughout a 24-h period. Participants completed the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, which assesses perceived levels of social support in one’s network. Participants with low levels of social support demonstrated blunted dipping. This effect was moderated by sex, with women showing greater benefit from their social support. These findings demonstrate the impact social support can have on cardiovascular health, exhibited through blunted dipping, and are particularly important as the study was conducted in normotensive individuals who are less likely to have high levels of social support.

Suggested Citation

  • Wendy C. Birmingham & Anna Jorgensen & Sinclaire Hancock & Lori L. Wadsworth & Man Hung, 2023. "Social Support: The Effect on Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:4579-:d:1087824
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Julianne Holt-Lunstad & Timothy B Smith & J Bradley Layton, 2010. "Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(7), pages 1-1, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wendy C. Birmingham & Raphael M. Herr & Mikel Cressman & Neha Patel & Man Hung, 2024. "While You Are Sleeping: Marital Ambivalence and Blunted Nocturnal Blood Pressure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(6), pages 1-14, June.

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