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Copula-Based Assessment and Regionalization of Drought Risk in China

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  • Ming Li

    (College of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
    Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China)

  • Guiwen Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China)

  • Shengwei Zong

    (School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China)

  • Xurong Chai

    (College of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China)

Abstract

Droughts are widespread in China and have brought considerable losses to the economy and society. Droughts are intricate, stochastic processes with multi-attributes (e.g., duration, severity, intensity, and return period). However, most drought assessments tend to focus on univariate drought characteristics, which are inadequate to describe the intrinsic characteristics of droughts due to the existence of correlations between drought attributes. In this study, we employed the standardized precipitation index to identify drought events using China’s monthly gridded precipitation dataset from 1961 to 2020. Univariate and copula-based bivariate methods were then used to examine drought duration and severity on 3-, 6-, and 12-month time scales. Finally, we used the hierarchical cluster method to identify drought-prone regions in mainland China at various return periods. Results revealed that time scale played an essential role in the spatial heterogeneity of drought behaviors, such as average characteristics, joint probability, and risk regionalization. The main findings were as follows: (1) 3- and 6-month time scales yielded comparable regional drought features, but not 12-month time scales; (2) higher drought severity was associated with longer drought duration; (3) drought risk was higher in the northern Xinjiang, western Qinghai, southern Tibet, southwest China, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and lower in the southeastern coastal areas of China, the Changbai Mountains, and the Greater Khingan Mountains; (4) mainland China was divided into six subregions according to joint probabilities of drought duration and severity. Our study is expected to contribute to better drought risk assessment in mainland China.

Suggested Citation

  • Ming Li & Guiwen Wang & Shengwei Zong & Xurong Chai, 2023. "Copula-Based Assessment and Regionalization of Drought Risk in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-16, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:4074-:d:1079455
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dong-Dong Zhang & Deng-Hua Yan & Fan Lu & Yi-Cheng Wang & Jing Feng, 2015. "Copula-based risk assessment of drought in Yunnan province, China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 75(3), pages 2199-2220, February.
    2. Xiong-Fei Liu & Shi-Xin Wang & Yi Zhou & Fu-Tao Wang & Guang Yang & Wen-Liang Liu, 2016. "Spatial analysis of meteorological drought return periods in China using Copulas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(1), pages 367-388, January.
    3. Bin He & Jianjun Wu & Aifeng Lü & Xuefeng Cui & Lei Zhou & Ming Liu & Lin Zhao, 2013. "Quantitative assessment and spatial characteristic analysis of agricultural drought risk in China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 66(2), pages 155-166, March.
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    6. Olusola O. Ayantobo & Yi Li & Songbai Song, 2019. "Multivariate Drought Frequency Analysis using Four-Variate Symmetric and Asymmetric Archimedean Copula Functions," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(1), pages 103-127, January.
    7. Chun-Ling Liu & Qiang Zhang & Vijay Singh & Ying Cui, 2011. "Copula-based evaluations of drought variations in Guangdong, South China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(3), pages 1533-1546, December.
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