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Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Forces of PM 2.5 in Urban Agglomerations in China

Author

Listed:
  • Huilin Yang

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Rui Yao

    (School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Peng Sun

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Chenhao Ge

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Zice Ma

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Yaojin Bian

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Ruilin Liu

    (School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

Abstract

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the process of industrialization and urbanization is accelerating, and environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. The urban agglomerations (UAs) are the fastest growing economy and are also areas with serious air pollution. Based on the monthly mean PM 2.5 concentration data of 20 UAs in China from 2015 to 2019, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of PM 2.5 were analyzed in UAs. The effects of natural and social factors on PM 2.5 concentrations in 20 UAs were quantified using the geographic detector. The results showed that (1) most UAs in China showed the most severe pollution in winter and the least in summer. Seasonal differences were most significant in the Central Henan and Central Shanxi UAs. However, the PM 2.5 was highest in March in the central Yunnan UA, and the Harbin-Changchun and mid-southern Liaoning UAs had the highest PM 2.5 in October. (2) The highest PM 2.5 concentrations were located in northern China, with an overall decreasing trend of pollution. Among them, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, central Shanxi, central Henan, and Shandong Peninsula UAs had the highest concentrations of PM 2.5 . Although most of the UAs had severe pollution in winter, the central Yunnan, Beibu Gulf, and the West Coast of the Strait UAs had lower PM 2.5 concentrations in winter. These areas are mountainous, have high temperatures, and are subject to land and sea breezes, which makes the pollutants more conducive to diffusion. (3) In most UAs, socioeconomic factors such as social electricity consumption, car ownership, and the use of foreign investment are the main factors affecting PM 2.5 concentration. However, PM 2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are chiefly influenced by natural factors such as temperature and precipitation.

Suggested Citation

  • Huilin Yang & Rui Yao & Peng Sun & Chenhao Ge & Zice Ma & Yaojin Bian & Ruilin Liu, 2023. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Forces of PM 2.5 in Urban Agglomerations in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2316-:d:1049117
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuanlu Miao & Chunmei Geng & Yuanyuan Ji & Shengli Wang & Lijuan Wang & Wen Yang, 2025. "Understanding the Dynamics of PM 2.5 Concentration Levels in China: A Comprehensive Study of Spatio-Temporal Patterns, Driving Factors, and Implications for Environmental Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-23, February.
    2. Wei Shi & Weijuan Wang & Wenwen Tang & Fuwei Qiao & Guowei Zhang & Runzhu Pei & Luyao Zhang, 2024. "How Environmental Regulation Affects Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction Synergies—An Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Provincial Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-24, June.

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