IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i3p2251-d1047892.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Autonomic Function Recovery and Physical Activity Levels in Post-COVID-19 Young Adults after Immunization: An Observational Follow-Up Case-Control Study

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire

    (Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
    Physiotherapy Department, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, Brazil
    Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Shaan Amin

    (Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA)

  • Fabio Santos Lira

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
    Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Ana Elisa von Ah Morano

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Telmo Pereira

    (Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
    Polytechnic of Coimbra, ESTESC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
    Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva

    (Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Armando Caseiro

    (Polytechnic of Coimbra, ESTESC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
    Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
    Molecular Physical-Chemistry R & D Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro

    (Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Osmar Marchioto Júnior

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Ricardo Aurino Pinho

    (Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil)

  • Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has detrimental multi-system consequences. Symptoms may appear during the acute phase of infection, but the literature on long-term recovery of young adults after mild to moderate infection is lacking. Heart rate variability (HRV) allows for the observation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since physical activity (PA) can help improve ANS modulation, investigating factors that can influence HRV outcomes after COVID-19 is essential to advancements in care and intervention strategies. Clinicians may use this research to aid in the development of non-medication interventions. At baseline, 18 control (CT) and 20 post-COVID-19 (PCOV) participants were observed where general anamnesis was performed, followed by HRV and PA assessment. Thus, 10 CT and 7 PCOV subjects returned for follow-up (FU) evaluation 6 weeks after complete immunization (two doses) and assessments were repeated. Over the follow-up period, a decrease in sympathetic (SNS) activity (mean heart rate: p = 0.0024, CI = −24.67–−3.26; SNS index: p = 0.0068, CI = −2.50–−0.32) and increase in parasympathetic (PNS) activity (mean RR: p = 0.0097, CI = 33.72–225.51; PNS index: p = 0.0091, CI = −0.20–1.47) were observed. At follow-up, HRV was not different between groups ( p > 0.05). Additionally, no differences were observed in PA between moments and groups. This study provides evidence of ANS recovery after SARS-CoV-2 insult in young adults over a follow-up period, independent of changes in PA.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Shaan Amin & Fabio Santos Lira & Ana Elisa von Ah Morano & Telmo Pereira & Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro & Vaness, 2023. "Autonomic Function Recovery and Physical Activity Levels in Post-COVID-19 Young Adults after Immunization: An Observational Follow-Up Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2251-:d:1047892
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/2251/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/2251/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fábio Santos Lira & Telmo Pereira & Luciele Guerra Minuzzi & Caique Figueiredo & Tiago Olean-Oliveira & Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Ronaldo Vagner, 2021. "Modulatory Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Immune Responses and General Clinical Functions in Adult Patients with Mild to Moderate SARS-CoV-2 Infections—A Protocol for an Observational Prospect," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Jia Yang & Xiang Li & Taiyu He & Fangyuan Ju & Ye Qiu & Zuguo Tian, 2022. "Impact of Physical Activity on COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-12, October.
    3. Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Fabio Santos Lira & Ana Elisa von Ah Morano & Telmo Pereira & Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro & Osmar Marchioto Jún, 2022. "Role of Body Mass and Physical Activity in Autonomic Function Modulation on Post-COVID-19 Condition: An Observational Subanalysis of Fit-COVID Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-17, February.
    4. Maria Ferrara & Elisa Langiano & Lavinia Falese & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Cristina Cortis & Elisabetta De Vito, 2022. "Changes in Physical Activity Levels and Eating Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Analysis in University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-17, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Fabio Santos Lira & Ana Elisa von Ah Morano & Telmo Pereira & Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro & Osmar Marchioto Jún, 2022. "Role of Body Mass and Physical Activity in Autonomic Function Modulation on Post-COVID-19 Condition: An Observational Subanalysis of Fit-COVID Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Giulia Di Martino & Marco Centorbi & Andrea Buonsenso & Giovanni Fiorilli & Carlo della Valle & Giuseppe Calcagno & Enzo Iuliano & Alessandra di Cagno, 2024. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4 Years after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents with Different Levels of Physical Activity Engagement: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-9, July.
    3. Luis Torres & Manuela C. Caciula & Alin S. Tomoiaga & Carmen Gugu-Gramatopol, 2023. "Correlations between Mental Health, Physical Activity, and Body Composition in American College Students after the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(22), pages 1-11, November.
    4. Sandra Silva-Santos & António M. Monteiro & Tiago M. Barbosa & José E. Teixeira & Luís Branquinho & Ricardo Ferraz & Pedro Forte, 2023. "Associations between Coronavirus and Immune Response, Cardiorespiratory Fitness Rehabilitation and Physical Activity: A Brief Report," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-11, March.
    5. Elena Ioana Iconaru & Emilian Tarcau & Manuela Mihaela Ciucurel & Liviu Draghici & Constantin Ciucurel, 2023. "The Relationship between Physical Activity Level and Sociodemographic Factors in Romanian Adults in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Period," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-17, September.
    6. Eliane A. Goicochea & Bruno Coloma-Naldos & Jeel Moya-Salazar & Víctor Rojas-Zumaran & Jeel G. Moya-Espinoza & Hans Contreras-Pulache, 2022. "Physical Activity and Body Image Perceived by University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2251-:d:1047892. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.