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Autonomic Function Recovery and Physical Activity Levels in Post-COVID-19 Young Adults after Immunization: An Observational Follow-Up Case-Control Study

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire

    (Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
    Physiotherapy Department, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, Brazil
    Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Shaan Amin

    (Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA)

  • Fabio Santos Lira

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
    Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Ana Elisa von Ah Morano

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Telmo Pereira

    (Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
    Polytechnic of Coimbra, ESTESC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
    Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva

    (Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Armando Caseiro

    (Polytechnic of Coimbra, ESTESC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
    Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
    Molecular Physical-Chemistry R & D Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro

    (Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Osmar Marchioto Júnior

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

  • Ricardo Aurino Pinho

    (Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil)

  • Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva

    (Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil)

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has detrimental multi-system consequences. Symptoms may appear during the acute phase of infection, but the literature on long-term recovery of young adults after mild to moderate infection is lacking. Heart rate variability (HRV) allows for the observation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since physical activity (PA) can help improve ANS modulation, investigating factors that can influence HRV outcomes after COVID-19 is essential to advancements in care and intervention strategies. Clinicians may use this research to aid in the development of non-medication interventions. At baseline, 18 control (CT) and 20 post-COVID-19 (PCOV) participants were observed where general anamnesis was performed, followed by HRV and PA assessment. Thus, 10 CT and 7 PCOV subjects returned for follow-up (FU) evaluation 6 weeks after complete immunization (two doses) and assessments were repeated. Over the follow-up period, a decrease in sympathetic (SNS) activity (mean heart rate: p = 0.0024, CI = −24.67–−3.26; SNS index: p = 0.0068, CI = −2.50–−0.32) and increase in parasympathetic (PNS) activity (mean RR: p = 0.0097, CI = 33.72–225.51; PNS index: p = 0.0091, CI = −0.20–1.47) were observed. At follow-up, HRV was not different between groups ( p > 0.05). Additionally, no differences were observed in PA between moments and groups. This study provides evidence of ANS recovery after SARS-CoV-2 insult in young adults over a follow-up period, independent of changes in PA.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Shaan Amin & Fabio Santos Lira & Ana Elisa von Ah Morano & Telmo Pereira & Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro & Vaness, 2023. "Autonomic Function Recovery and Physical Activity Levels in Post-COVID-19 Young Adults after Immunization: An Observational Follow-Up Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2251-:d:1047892
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fábio Santos Lira & Telmo Pereira & Luciele Guerra Minuzzi & Caique Figueiredo & Tiago Olean-Oliveira & Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Ronaldo Vagner, 2021. "Modulatory Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Immune Responses and General Clinical Functions in Adult Patients with Mild to Moderate SARS-CoV-2 Infections—A Protocol for an Observational Prospect," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Jia Yang & Xiang Li & Taiyu He & Fangyuan Ju & Ye Qiu & Zuguo Tian, 2022. "Impact of Physical Activity on COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-12, October.
    3. Maria Ferrara & Elisa Langiano & Lavinia Falese & Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Cristina Cortis & Elisabetta De Vito, 2022. "Changes in Physical Activity Levels and Eating Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Analysis in University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire & Fabio Santos Lira & Ana Elisa von Ah Morano & Telmo Pereira & Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva & Armando Caseiro & Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro & Osmar Marchioto Jún, 2022. "Role of Body Mass and Physical Activity in Autonomic Function Modulation on Post-COVID-19 Condition: An Observational Subanalysis of Fit-COVID Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-17, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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