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Dietary Patterns, Occupational Stressors and Body Composition of Hospital Workers: A Longitudinal Study Comparing before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Rodrigo Nascimento de Lira

    (School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Araújo Pinho, n°32, Canela, Salvador CEP 40110-150, Brazil)

  • Rita de Cássia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu

    (Department of Nutrition, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Asa Norte, Distrito Federal, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Lorene Gonçalves Coelho

    (Health Science Centre, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Avenida Carlos Amaral, n°1015, Cajueiro, Santo Antônio de Jesus CEP 44430-622, Brazil)

  • Renata Puppin Zandonadi

    (Department of Nutrition, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Asa Norte, Distrito Federal, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa

    (School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Araújo Pinho, n°32, Canela, Salvador CEP 40110-150, Brazil)

Abstract

This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and the body composition of hospital workers subjected to occupational stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, anthropometric, food consumption and occupational stress were collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 218 workers from a private hospital in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil were included in the study. After evaluating the normality of the data, parametric or non-parametric tests were used to characterize the sample. Dietary pattern was defined with Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the desired association. During the pandemic, work per shift increased by 8.2% ( p = 0.004) and working hours > 40 h/week increased by 9.2% ( p = 0.006). Despite the higher prevalence of low occupational stress (85.8% vs. 72.1%), high stress increased by 13.7% from 2019 to 2020 ( p < 0.001) and 30.3% reported a positive mediating effect on the variables of body composition, body mass index (b = 0.478; p < 0.001), waist circumference (b = 0.395; p = 0.001), fat-free mass (b = 0.440; p = 0.001) and fat mass (b = −0.104; p = 0.292). Therefore, a dietary pattern containing high-calorie foods was associated with changes in the body composition of hospital workers, including occupational stressors as mediators of this relationship.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Rodrigo Nascimento de Lira & Rita de Cássia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu & Lorene Gonçalves Coelho & Renata Puppin Zandonadi & Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa, 2023. "Dietary Patterns, Occupational Stressors and Body Composition of Hospital Workers: A Longitudinal Study Comparing before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2166-:d:1046391
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Heeja Jung & Hyunju Dan & Yanghee Pang & Bohye Kim & Hyunseon Jeong & Jung Eun Lee & Oksoo Kim, 2020. "Association between Dietary Habits, Shift Work, and the Metabolic Syndrome: The Korea Nurses’ Health Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Elizabeth Keller & Meghan Widestrom & Jory Gould & Runcheng Fang & Kermit G. Davis & Gordon Lee Gillespie, 2022. "Examining the Impact of Stressors during COVID-19 on Emergency Department Healthcare Workers: An International Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Hannah Bleier & Jasmin Lützerath & Andrea Schaller, 2022. "Organizational Framework Conditions for Workplace Health Management in Different Settings of Nursing—A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lorene Gonçalves Coelho & Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa & Luana de Oliveira Leite & Karin Eleonora Sávio de Oliveira & Rita de Cássia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu, 2023. "The Effects of Workplace Stressors on Dietary Patterns among Workers at a Private Hospital in Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil: A Longitudinal Study before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-15, March.

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