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Mental Health Impact of Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individuals with Pre-Existing Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Research

Author

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  • Angela M. Kunzler

    (Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
    Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany)

  • Saskia Lindner

    (Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Nikolaus Röthke

    (Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

  • Sarah K. Schäfer

    (Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany)

  • Maria-Inti Metzendorf

    (Institute of General Practice (ifam), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany)

  • Alexandra Sachkova

    (Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Georg August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany)

  • Roxana Müller-Eberstein

    (Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany)

  • Carmen Klinger

    (Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany)

  • Jacob Burns

    (Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany)

  • Michaela Coenen

    (Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, 81377 Munich, Germany)

  • Klaus Lieb

    (Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
    Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany)

Abstract

In view of disease-related threats, containment measures, and disrupted healthcare, individuals with pre-existing mental illness might be vulnerable to adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous reviews indicated increased mental distress, with limited information on peri-pandemic changes. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify longitudinal research investigating pre- to peri-pandemic and/or peri-pandemic changes of mental health in patients, focusing on the early phase and considering specific diagnoses. PsycINFO, Web of Science, the WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease database, and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register weresearched through 31 May 2021. Studies were synthesized using vote counting based on effect direction. We included 40 studies mostly from Western, high-income countries. Findings were heterogeneous, with improving and deteriorating mental health observed compared to pre-pandemic data, partly depending on underlying diagnoses. For peri-pandemic changes, evidence was limited, with some suggestion of recovery of mental distress. Study quality was heterogeneous; only few studies investigated potential moderators (e.g., chronicity of mental illness). Mental health effects on people with pre-existing conditions are heterogeneous within and across diagnoses for pre- to peri-pandemic and peri-pandemic comparisons. To improve mental health services amid future global crises, forthcoming research should understand medium- and long-term effects, controlling for containment measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Angela M. Kunzler & Saskia Lindner & Nikolaus Röthke & Sarah K. Schäfer & Maria-Inti Metzendorf & Alexandra Sachkova & Roxana Müller-Eberstein & Carmen Klinger & Jacob Burns & Michaela Coenen & Klaus , 2023. "Mental Health Impact of Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individuals with Pre-Existing Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-33, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:948-:d:1025375
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pierluigi Cordellieri & Benedetta Barchielli & Valeria Masci & Francesca Viani & Ivan de Pinto & Andrea Priori & Felice Damiano Torriccelli & Chiara Cosmo & Stefano Ferracuti & Anna Maria Giannini & J, 2021. "Psychological Health Status of Psychiatric Patients Living in Treatment Communities before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Brief Report," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-9, March.
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    3. Soo-Hyun Nam & Jeong-Hyun Nam & Chan-Young Kwon, 2021. "Comparison of the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable and Non-Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-21, October.
    4. Sandra Carvalho & Catarina G. Coelho & Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon & Juliana Magalhães & Jorge Leite, 2022. "The Acute Impact of the Early Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Pre-Existing Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-36, April.
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