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Combining Contamination Indices and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Metal Pollution Evaluation during the Last Century in Lacustrine Sediments of Lacu Sărat Lake, Romania

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  • Iolanda-Veronica Ganea

    (Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
    National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Ramona Bălc

    (Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
    Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Robert-Csaba Begy

    (Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
    Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Ioan Tanțău

    (Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Delia Maria Gligor

    (Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

Integrated study of both water and sediment in lakes provides important information regarding the human impact on the environment. The current work is focused on the correlation between age, source, composition, and degree of human intervention over the last 178 years and health impact of sediments from Lacu Sărat Lake (Romania), one of the most important balneo-climateric resorts in the country. The novelty relies on the fact that this is the first time the temporal patterns of metal contamination and the human health effects associated with the metal exposure from sediment core samples have been assessed. The sediment contamination status was determined by evaluating several indices, such as the enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, metal pollution index, and potential ecological risk index, etc. Results showed a significant accumulation of Cd, Cr, As and Ni and a major contribution of Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cr as well as Cu to the potential acute toxicity. The sediment quality guidelines emphasized a risk concerning the life and proper development of benthic organisms in Lacu Sărat Lake. Moreover, the incidental ingestion lifetime carcinogenic risk values for As and Cr suggest a potential risk of developing cancer. A strong human impact was observed especially between 1950 and 1990, which can be attributed to the rapid economic growth and intensive industrial development strategies pursued by the communist political regime in Romania.

Suggested Citation

  • Iolanda-Veronica Ganea & Ramona Bălc & Robert-Csaba Begy & Ioan Tanțău & Delia Maria Gligor, 2023. "Combining Contamination Indices and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Metal Pollution Evaluation during the Last Century in Lacustrine Sediments of Lacu Sărat Lake, Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1342-:d:1032485
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andreea E. Maftei & Andrei Buzatu & Nicolae Buzgar & Andrei I. Apopei, 2019. "Spatial Distribution of Minor Elements in the Tazlău River Sediments: Source Identification and Evaluation of Ecological Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Abraham Addo-Bediako & Karabo Malakane, 2020. "Preliminary Assessment of Chemical Elements in Sediments and Larvae of Gomphidae (Odonata) from the Blyde River of the Olifants River System, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-10, November.
    3. Mariusz Sojka & Joanna Jaskuła, 2022. "Heavy Metals in River Sediments: Contamination, Toxicity, and Source Identification—A Case Study from Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-25, August.
    4. Ananda Tiwari & David M. Oliver & Aaron Bivins & Samendra P. Sherchan & Tarja Pitkänen, 2021. "Bathing Water Quality Monitoring Practices in Europe and the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, May.
    5. Jiwei Yang & Fuhong Sun & Hailei Su & Yanru Tao & Hong Chang, 2022. "Multiple Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water and Sediment in Taihu Lake, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-17, October.
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