IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i24p7182-d1300723.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Individual Differences on Wellbeing Indices during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Greece: A National Study

Author

Listed:
  • Christos Pezirkianidis

    (Laboratory of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences, Syggrou Ave. 136, 17671 Athens, Greece)

  • Christina Parpoula

    (Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences, Syggrou Ave. 136, 17671 Athens, Greece)

  • Christina Athanasiades

    (Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Katerina Flora

    (Department of Psychology, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Nikolaos Makris

    (Department of Primary Education, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece)

  • Despina Moraitou

    (Department of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
    Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Georgia Papantoniou

    (Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
    Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece)

  • Stephanos Vassilopoulos

    (Department of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece)

  • Maria Sini

    (Laboratory of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences, Syggrou Ave. 136, 17671 Athens, Greece)

  • Anastassios Stalikas

    (Laboratory of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences, Syggrou Ave. 136, 17671 Athens, Greece
    Deceased.)

Abstract

The impact of COVID-19 and the associated lockdown measures on people’s physical and mental wellbeing, as well as their daily lives and functioning, has been extensively studied. This study takes the approach of investigating the consequences of COVID-19 on a national scale, considering sociodemographic factors. The main objective is to make a contribution to ongoing research by specifically examining how age, gender, and marital status influence the overall impact of COVID-19 and wellbeing indicators during the second lockdown period that was implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greek population. The study involved a sample of 16,906 individuals of all age groups in Greece who completed an online questionnaire encompassing measurements related to personal wellbeing, the presence and search for meaning in life, positive relationships, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, to gauge the levels of the perceived COVID-19-related impact, a valid and reliable scale was developed. The results reveal that a higher perception of COVID-19 consequences is positively associated with psychological symptoms and the search for meaning in life, while being negatively correlated with personal wellbeing and the sense of meaning in life. In terms of individual differences, the findings indicate that unmarried individuals, young adults, and females tend to report higher levels of psychological symptoms, a greater search for meaning in life, and a heightened perception of COVID-19-related impact. These findings are analyzed in depth, and suggestions for potential directions for future research are put forth.

Suggested Citation

  • Christos Pezirkianidis & Christina Parpoula & Christina Athanasiades & Katerina Flora & Nikolaos Makris & Despina Moraitou & Georgia Papantoniou & Stephanos Vassilopoulos & Maria Sini & Anastassios St, 2023. "Individual Differences on Wellbeing Indices during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Greece: A National Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(24), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:24:p:7182-:d:1300723
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/24/7182/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/24/7182/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dimitra Vasileiou & Despina Moraitou & Vasileios Papaliagkas & Christos Pezirkianidis & Anastasios Stalikas & Georgia Papantoniou & Maria Sofologi, 2021. "The Relationships between Character Strengths and Subjective Wellbeing: Evidence from Greece under Lockdown during COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-28, October.
    2. Nicholas Grubic & Shaylea Badovinac & Amer M Johri, 2020. "Student mental health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for further research and immediate solutions," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(5), pages 517-518, August.
    3. Ioulia Solomou & Fofi Constantinidou, 2020. "Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: Age and Sex Matter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Wayne Velicer, 1976. "Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 41(3), pages 321-327, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Badr K. Aldhmadi & Rakesh Kumar & Ramaiah Itumalla & Bilesha Perera, 2021. "Depressive Symptomatology and Practice of Safety Measures among Undergraduate Students during COVID-19: Impact of Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-9, May.
    2. Stevanovic Dalibor, 2016. "Common time variation of parameters in reduced-form macroeconomic models," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 20(2), pages 159-183, April.
    3. Orazio Attanasio & Sarah Cattan & Emla Fitzsimons & Costas Meghir & Marta Rubio-Codina, 2020. "Estimating the Production Function for Human Capital: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Colombia," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(1), pages 48-85, January.
    4. Chen Liao & Liying Nong & Yu-Feng Wu & Yu-Tai Wu & Jian-Hong Ye, 2023. "The Relationships between University Students’ Physical Activity Needs, Involvement, Flow Experience and Sustainable Well-Being in the Post-Pandemic Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Zaitun Mohd Saman & Ab Hamid Siti-Azrin & Azizah Othman & Yee Cheng Kueh, 2021. "The Validity and Reliability of the Malay Version of the Cyberbullying Scale among Secondary School Adolescents in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-12, November.
    6. Fernando Bucheli, 2021. "Before Entering Adulthood: Developing an Index of Capabilities for Young Adults in Bogota," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(3), pages 965-1002, June.
    7. Marie-Aude Abid-Dupont & Jean-Louis Chandon, 2013. "Building trust with subordinates: the role of the context in leadership effectiveness [Construire la confiance des subordonnés : le rôle du contexte dans l’efficacité du leadership]," Working Papers hal-01167300, HAL.
    8. Ilse Adriana Gutiérrez-Pérez & Pedro Delgado-Floody & Daniel Jerez-Mayorga & Diego Soto-García & Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete & Isela Parra-Rojas & Nacim Molina-Gutiérrez & Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán, 2021. "Lifestyle and Sociodemographic Parameters Associated with Mental and Physical Health during COVID-19 Confinement in Three Ibero-American Countries. A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    9. Orazio Attanasio & Sarah Cattan & Emla Fitzsimons & Costas Meghir & Marta Rubio-Codina, 2015. "Estimating the Production Function for Human Capital: Results from a Randomized Control Trial in Colombia," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1987, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    10. McQueen, Michael & Clifton, Kelly J., 2022. "Assessing the perception of E-scooters as a practical and equitable first-mile/last-mile solution," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 395-418.
    11. Hauck, Jana & Suess-Reyes, Julia & Beck, Susanne & Prügl, Reinhard & Frank, Hermann, 2016. "Measuring socioemotional wealth in family-owned and -managed firms: A validation and short form of the FIBER Scale," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 133-148.
    12. Collison, Katherine L. & Miller, Joshua D. & Gaughan, Eric T. & Widiger, Thomas A. & Lynam, Donald R., 2016. "Development and validation of the super-short form of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 143-150.
    13. Daniel Luccas Arenas & Anna Carolina Viduani & Ana Margareth Siqueira Bassols & Simone Hauck, 2021. "Peer support intervention as a tool to address college students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 pandemic," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 67(3), pages 301-302, May.
    14. Mateusz Ciski & Krzysztof Rząsa, 2023. "Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression in the Investigation of Local COVID-19 Anomalies Based on Population Age Structure in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-23, May.
    15. Sürücü, Lütfi & YIKILMAZ, İbrahim & MASLAKÇI, Ahmet, 2022. "Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in Quantitative Researches and Practical Considerations," OSF Preprints fgd4e, Center for Open Science.
    16. Francisco J. Conejo & Lawrence F. Cunningham & Clifford E. Young, 2020. "Revisiting the Brand Luxury Index: new empirical evidence and future directions," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 27(1), pages 108-122, January.
    17. Volker G. Kuppelwieser & Aleksa-Carina Putinas & Marina Bastounis, 2019. "Toward Application and Testing of Measurement Scales and an Example," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 48(2), pages 326-349, May.
    18. Arielle Kaim & Maya Siman-Tov & Eli Jaffe & Bruria Adini, 2021. "From Isolation to Containment: Perceived Fear of Infectivity and Protective Behavioral Changes during the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.
    19. Carlos Miguel Lemos & Ross Joseph Gore & Ivan Puga-Gonzalez & F LeRon Shults, 2019. "Dimensionality and factorial invariance of religiosity among Christians and the religiously unaffiliated: A cross-cultural analysis based on the International Social Survey Programme," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-36, May.
    20. Mariusz Kapuściński, 2017. "Monetary policy and financial asset prices in Poland," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 48(3), pages 263-294.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:24:p:7182-:d:1300723. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.