IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2022i1p492-d1017615.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Work–Life Balance and Mental and Physical Health among Warsaw Specialists, Managers and Entrepreneurs

Author

Listed:
  • Agnieszka A. Borowiec

    (Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Wojciech Drygas

    (Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Many studies have shown that low work–life balance (WLB) can be harmful to health. Poland is a country with one of the lowest indicators on the WLB scale among European countries but there are only a few studies about the connection between WLB and health. The present analysis aimed to answer the questions of whether the lower WLB among Warsaw’s middle class correlates with poorer mental and physical health, and what life orientations and values typical of the middle class are related to work–life balance. Two surveys were conducted in the years 2003 and 2013 on the quota samples of 500 members of the Warsaw middle class: specialists, managers, and entrepreneurs. The current analysis has indicated the connection between a lower level of WLB and worse mental and physical health. Some middle-class life orientations are connected with a high WLB. The relationship between WLB and health was stronger in 2013 than in 2003. It can be considered a result of mentality and lifestyle changes and generational renewal. The study should be repeated in 2023 after the COVID-19 pandemic as the work situation of the middle class may have changed.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka A. Borowiec & Wojciech Drygas, 2022. "Work–Life Balance and Mental and Physical Health among Warsaw Specialists, Managers and Entrepreneurs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:492-:d:1017615
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/1/492/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/1/492/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cullati, Stéphane, 2014. "The influence of work-family conflict trajectories on self-rated health trajectories in Switzerland: A life course approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 23-33.
    2. Young-Mee Kim & Sung-il Cho, 2017. "Work–Life Imbalance and Musculoskeletal Disorders among South Korean Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Evangelia DEMEROUTI, 2018. "Integrating Individual Strategies in the Job Demands-Resources Theory," Istanbul Business Research, Istanbul University Business School, vol. 47(1), pages 5-32, May.
    4. Evangelos C. Alexopoulos & Mary Geitona, 2009. "Self-Rated Health: Inequalities and Potential Determinants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Temin, Peter, 2017. "The Vanishing Middle Class: Prejudice and Power in a Dual Economy," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262036169, December.
    6. Cathrine Seierstad & Gill Kirton, 2015. "Having It All? Women in High Commitment Careers and Work–Life Balance in Norway," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(4), pages 390-404, July.
    7. Yavuz Zulfikar, 2012. "Do Muslims Believe More in Protestant Work Ethic than Christians? Comparison of People with Different Religious Background Living in the US," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 105(4), pages 489-502, February.
    8. Mossey, J.M. & Shapiro, E., 1982. "Self-rated health: a predictor of mortality among the elderly," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 72(8), pages 800-808.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hongliang Wang & Yiwen Yu, 2016. "Increasing health inequality in China: An empirical study with ordinal data," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 14(1), pages 41-61, March.
    2. Joshua Greenstein, 2020. "The Precariat Class Structure and Income Inequality among US Workers: 1980–2018," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 52(3), pages 447-469, September.
    3. Shen, Ke & Zeng, Yi, 2014. "Direct and indirect effects of childhood conditions on survival and health among male and female elderly in China," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 207-214.
    4. Hu, Shu & Das, Dhiman, 2019. "Quality of life among older adults in China and India: Does productive engagement help?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 144-153.
    5. Kathryn Anderson & James Foster & David Frisvold, 2004. "Investing in Health: The Long-Term Impact of Head Start," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 0426, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
    6. Xi Pan & Rose Ward, 2015. "Self-management and Self-rated Health Among Middle-aged and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Structural Equation Model," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 120(1), pages 247-260, January.
    7. Timothy Halliday, 2006. "The Impact of Aggregate and Idiosyncratic Income Shocks on Health Outcomes: Evidence from the PSID," Working Papers 200606, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
    8. Zhang, Wei & Ta, Van M., 2009. "Social connections, immigration-related factors, and self-rated physical and mental health among Asian Americans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2104-2112, June.
    9. Chunshan Zhou & Jing Chen & Shaojian Wang, 2018. "Does Migrant Status and Household Registration Matter? Examining the Effects of City Size on Self-Rated Health," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-15, June.
    10. García-Muñoz, Teresa & Neuman, Shoshana & Neuman, Tzahi, 2014. "Health Risk Factors among the Older European Populations: Personal and Country Effects," IZA Discussion Papers 8529, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Shadi O. Tehrani & Shuling J. Wu & Jennifer D. Roberts, 2019. "The Color of Health: Residential Segregation, Light Rail Transit Developments, and Gentrification in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-19, September.
    12. Gudrun Biffl & Joseph E. Isaac, 2007. "The Challenge of Ensuring a Healthy Workforce in an Ageing Society. Austria and Australia in Comparison," Austrian Economic Quarterly, WIFO, vol. 12(3), pages 144-157, September.
    13. Jiangping Li & Lijun Dong & Danian Tian & Yu Zhao & Huifang Yang & Xiaoyu Zhi & Lingqin Zhu, 2018. "Association between pesticide exposure intensity and self-rated health among greenhouse vegetable farmers in Ningxia, China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-12, December.
    14. Xuanping Zhang & Sean-Shong Hwang, 2007. "The micro consequences of macro-level social transition: how did Russians survive in the 1990s?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 82(2), pages 337-360, June.
    15. Ljunge, Martin, 2016. "Migrants, health, and happiness: Evidence that health assessments travel with migrants and predict well-being," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 35-46.
    16. Lixin Cai & Guyonne Kalb, 2004. "Health Status and Labour Force Participation: Evidence from the HILDA Data," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2004n04, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
    17. R. Arzu Kalemci & Ipek Kalemci Tuzun, 2019. "Understanding Protestant and Islamic Work Ethic Studies: A Content Analysis of Articles," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 158(4), pages 999-1008, September.
    18. Mishra, Sandeep & Carleton, R. Nicholas, 2015. "Subjective relative deprivation is associated with poorer physical and mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 144-149.
    19. Timothy Halliday, 2006. "Income Risk and Health," Working Papers 200612, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
    20. Leger, Kate A. & Charles, Susan T. & Ayanian, John Z. & Almeida, David M., 2015. "The association of daily physical symptoms with future health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 241-248.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:492-:d:1017615. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.