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Association between Psychological Disorders, Mediterranean Diet, and Chronotype in a Group of Italian Adults

Author

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  • Monica Dinu

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Sofia Lotti

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Antonia Napoletano

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy)

  • Abigail Corrao

    (Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA)

  • Giuditta Pagliai

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy)

  • Marta Tristan Asensi

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy)

  • Vincenza Gianfredi

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
    CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • Daniele Nucci

    (Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy)

  • Barbara Colombini

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy)

  • Francesco Sofi

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy)

Abstract

Mental health conditions are a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. The aim of this study was to explore the association between psychological disorders, Mediterranean diet (MD), and chronotype. A total of 344 participants (74% women) with a mean age of 33.5 ± 13 years were recruited. According to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) score, 22% of participants had symptoms of depression, 23% anxiety, and 10% stress. The assessment of MD adherence through the Medi-Lite score revealed that participants with psychological disorders had significantly ( p < 0.05) lower MD adherence than those without these conditions. Furthermore, less than 10% of the subjects with at least one symptom reported consuming the optimal amount of fruit and vegetables, while 72% showed excessive consumption of meat and meat products. Regarding chronotype, evening subjects reported the lowest MD adherence and the highest prevalence of all three psychological disorders analyzed. A multivariate analysis showed that female gender, age, being unmarried/single, sedentary lifestyle, and low MD adherence were associated with a significantly higher risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Future studies are needed to explore the relationship between mental health and risk factors to improve personal and global population health.

Suggested Citation

  • Monica Dinu & Sofia Lotti & Antonia Napoletano & Abigail Corrao & Giuditta Pagliai & Marta Tristan Asensi & Vincenza Gianfredi & Daniele Nucci & Barbara Colombini & Francesco Sofi, 2022. "Association between Psychological Disorders, Mediterranean Diet, and Chronotype in a Group of Italian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:335-:d:1014901
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fatin Hanani Mazri & Zahara Abdul Manaf & Suzana Shahar & Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, 2019. "The Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-33, December.
    2. Vincenza Gianfredi & Pietro Ferrara & Flavia Pennisi & Giulia Casu & Andrea Amerio & Anna Odone & Daniele Nucci & Monica Dinu, 2022. "Association between Daily Pattern of Physical Activity and Depression: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-12, May.
    3. Daniele Nucci & Cristina Fatigoni & Andrea Amerio & Anna Odone & Vincenza Gianfredi, 2020. "Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-20, September.
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