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Comparative Analysis of Age, Sex, and Viral Load in Outpatients during the Four Waves of SARS-CoV-2 in A Mexican Medium-Sized City

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Victor Wagner Barajas-Carrillo

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Reséndiz

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Migdalia Sarahy Navidad-Murrieta

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Guadalupe Herminia Ventura-Ramón

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Mirtha Elena Pulido-Muñoz

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Ulises Mercado-Salgado

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Ansonny Jhovanny Ojeda-Durán

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Aimée Argüero-Fonseca

    (Laboratorio de Psicofisiología y Conducta, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

  • Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez

    (Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico)

Abstract

Governments have implemented measures to minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread. However, these measures were relaxed, and the appearance of new variants has prompted periods of high contagion known as waves. In Mexico, four waves distributed between July and August 2020, January and February 2021, August and September 2021, and January and February 2022 have appeared. Current health policies discourage mass sampling, preferring to focus on the corrective treatment of severe cases. Outpatients are only advised to undergo brief voluntary confinement and symptomatic treatment, with no follow-up. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze sex, age, and viral load in outpatients during the four waves in a medium-sized city in Mexico. For each wave, the date of peak contagion was identified, and data were collected within ±15 days. In this regard, data from 916 patients (434 men and 482 women) were analyzed. The age range of positive patients (37–45 years) presented a higher frequency during the first and third waves, while 28–36 years was the most frequent age range during the second and fourth waves, while the viral load values were significantly higher, for both sexes, during the fourth wave. Obtained data of COVID-19 prevalence in population segments can be used for decision-making in the design of effective public health policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales & Victor Wagner Barajas-Carrillo & Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez & Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra & Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Reséndiz & Migdalia Sarahy Navidad-Murriet, 2022. "Comparative Analysis of Age, Sex, and Viral Load in Outpatients during the Four Waves of SARS-CoV-2 in A Mexican Medium-Sized City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-9, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5719-:d:810842
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gwenaëlle Douaud & Soojin Lee & Fidel Alfaro-Almagro & Christoph Arthofer & Chaoyue Wang & Paul McCarthy & Frederik Lange & Jesper L. R. Andersson & Ludovica Griffanti & Eugene Duff & Saad Jbabdi & Be, 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank," Nature, Nature, vol. 604(7907), pages 697-707, April.
    2. Mihai Popescu & Oana Mara Ştefan & Mihai Ştefan & Liana Văleanu & Dana Tomescu, 2022. "ICU-Associated Costs during the Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Hospital in a Low-Vaccinated Eastern European Country," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, February.
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