IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i7p4218-d785441.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Paul H. McClelland

    (Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, NY 11215, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Claire T. Kenney

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Federico Palacardo

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Nicholas L. S. Roberts

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Nicholas Luhende

    (ASMK Foundation, Shinyanga P.O. Box 350, Tanzania)

  • Jason Chua

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA)

  • Jennifer Huang

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA)

  • Priyanka Patel

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA)

  • Leonardo Albertini Sanchez

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA)

  • Won J. Kim

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA)

  • John Kwon

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA)

  • Paul J. Christos

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA)

  • Madelon L. Finkel

    (Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA)

Abstract

Diarrhea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) have demonstrated improved diarrhea-related outcomes but may have limited implementation in certain communities. This study analyzes the adoption and effect of WASH-based practices on diarrhea in children under age five in the rural Busiya chiefdom in northwestern Tanzania. In a cross-sectional analysis spanning July-September 2019, 779 households representing 1338 under-five children were surveyed. Among households, 250 (32.1%) reported at least one child with diarrhea over a two-week interval. Diarrhea prevalence in under-five children was 25.6%. In per-household and per-child analyses, the strongest protective factors against childhood diarrhea included dedicated drinking water storage (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.36; p < 0.001), improved waste management (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.27–0.51; p < 0.001), and separation of drinking water (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.59; p < 0.001). Improved water sources were associated with decreased risk of childhood diarrhea in per-household analysis (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99, p = 0.04), but not per-child analysis (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.65–1.05, p = 0.13). Diarrhea was widely treated (87.5%), mostly with antibiotics (44.0%) and oral rehydration solution (27.3%). Targeting water transportation, storage, and sanitation is key to reducing diarrhea in rural populations with limited water access.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul H. McClelland & Claire T. Kenney & Federico Palacardo & Nicholas L. S. Roberts & Nicholas Luhende & Jason Chua & Jennifer Huang & Priyanka Patel & Leonardo Albertini Sanchez & Won J. Kim & John K, 2022. "Improved Water and Waste Management Practices Reduce Diarrhea Risk in Children under Age Five in Rural Tanzania: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4218-:d:785441
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/7/4218/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/7/4218/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. United Nations UN, 2015. "The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015," Working Papers id:7097, eSocialSciences.
    2. United Nations UN, 2015. "The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015," Working Papers id:7222, eSocialSciences.
    3. Aminata Kilungo & Linda Powers & Nathan Arnold & Kelli Whelan & Kurt Paterson & Dale Young, 2018. "Evaluation of Well Designs to Improve Access to Safe and Clean Water in Rural Tanzania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, January.
    4. Joseph Kihika Kamara & Moses Galukande & Florence Maeda & Sam Luboga & Andre M. N. Renzaho, 2017. "Understanding the Challenges of Improving Sanitation and Hygiene Outcomes in a Community Based Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Tanzania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, June.
    5. United Nations UN, 2015. "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," Working Papers id:7559, eSocialSciences.
    6. Seungman Cha & Douk Kang & Benedict Tuffuor & Gyuhong Lee & Jungmyung Cho & Jihye Chung & Myongjin Kim & Hoonsang Lee & Jaeeun Lee & Chunghyeon Oh, 2015. "The Effect of Improved Water Supply on Diarrhea Prevalence of Children under Five in the Volta Region of Ghana: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-17, September.
    7. Esrey, S.A. & Habicht, J.-P. & Latham, M.C. & Sisler, D.G. & Casella, G., 1988. "Drinking water source, diarrheal morbidity, and child growth in villages with both traditional and improved water supplies in rural Lesotho, Southern Africa," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 78(11), pages 1451-1455.
    8. Natalie Bennion & Generose Mulokozi & Emily Allen & Margaret Fullmer & Gwen Kleinhenz & Kirk Dearden & Mary Linehan & Scott Torres & Joshua West & Benjamin Crookston & Cougar Hall, 2021. "Association between WASH-Related Behaviors and Knowledge with Childhood Diarrhea in Tanzania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-11, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Frédéric Anderson Konkobo & Mamounata Diao & Paul Windinpsidi Savadogo & Roger Dakuyo & Noëlle Edwige Roamba & Sandrine Zongo & Mamoudou Hama Dicko, 2024. "Reduction of Malnutrition Related to Unsafe Water Consumption in Developing Countries: Potabilization of Surface Water and Traditional Well Water, with Plant Extracts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(5), pages 1-21, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jussi T. S. Heikkila, 2020. "Classifying economics for the common good: Connecting sustainable development goals to JEL codes," Papers 2004.04384, arXiv.org.
    2. Donatella Saccone, 2021. "Can the Covid19 pandemic affect the achievement of the ‘Zero Hunger’ goal? Some preliminary reflections," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 22(7), pages 1025-1038, September.
    3. Ali, Murad, 2017. "Implementing the 2030 Agenda in Pakistan: the critical role of an enabling environment in the mobilisation of domestic and external resources," IDOS Discussion Papers 14/2017, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    4. MacFeely Steve, 2017. "Measuring the Sustainable Development Goals: What does it mean for Ireland?," Administration, Sciendo, vol. 65(4), pages 41-71, December.
    5. Kedir Y. Ahmed & Allen G. Ross & Seada M. Hussien & Kingsley E. Agho & Bolajoko O. Olusanya & Felix Akpojene Ogbo, 2023. "Mapping Local Variations and the Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Nigeria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-16, February.
    6. Cuenca-García, Eduardo & Sánchez, Angeles & Navarro-Pabsdorf, Margarita, 2019. "Assessing the performance of the least developed countries in terms of the Millennium Development Goals," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 54-66.
    7. Debapriya Bhattacharya & Lumbini Barua & Shusmita Islam, 2018. "Exploring The State of Youth in the SDG Context: How is Bangladesh Doing?," CPD Working Paper 119, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD).
    8. Alvaro Mendez & David Patrick Houghton, 2020. "Sustainable Banking: The Role of Multilateral Development Banks as Norm Entrepreneurs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, January.
    9. Mason-D'Croz, Daniel & Sulser, Timothy B. & Wiebe, Keith & Rosegrant, Mark W. & Lowder, Sarah K. & Nin-Pratt, Alejandro & Willenbockel, Dirk & Robinson, Sherman & Zhu, Tingju & Cenacchi, Nicola & Duns, 2019. "Agricultural investments and hunger in Africa modeling potential contributions to SDG2 – Zero Hunger," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 38-53.
    10. Klarin Tomislav, 2018. "The Concept of Sustainable Development: From its Beginning to the Contemporary Issues," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, vol. 21(1), pages 67-94, May.
    11. Joshua Amo-Adjei & Kofi Aduo-Adjei & Christiana Opoku-Nyamah & Chimaroake Izugbara, 2018. "Analysis of socioeconomic differences in the quality of antenatal services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-12, February.
    12. Abreha, Solomon K. & Walelign, Solomon Z. & Zereyesus, Yacob A., 2020. "Associations between Women’s Empowerment and Child Health Status in Ethiopia," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304174, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    13. Naomi E Clarke & Clare E F Dyer & Salvador Amaral & Garyn Tan & Susana Vaz Nery, 2021. "Improving Uptake and Sustainability of Sanitation Interventions in Timor-Leste: A Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-13, January.
    14. Jigyasa Sharma & Hannah H Leslie & Francis Kundu & Margaret E Kruk, 2017. "Poor Quality for Poor Women? Inequities in the Quality of Antenatal and Delivery Care in Kenya," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
    15. Bruno Boidin, 2020. "The social determinants of health in Africa from a political economy perspective: an exploratory contribution," Working Papers hal-02555436, HAL.
    16. Rashidul Alam Mahumud & Khorshed Alam & Andre M N Renzaho & Abdur Razzaque Sarker & Marufa Sultana & Nurnabi Sheikh & Lal B Rawal & Jeff Gow, 2019. "Changes in inequality of childhood morbidity in Bangladesh 1993-2014: A decomposition analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, June.
    17. Maria Rosa Trovato & Cheren Cappello, 2022. "Climate Adaptation Heuristic Planning Support System (HPSS): Green-Blue Strategies to Support the Ecological Transition of Historic Centres," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-40, May.
    18. Mario La Torre & Helen Chiappini (ed.), 2020. "Contemporary Issues in Sustainable Finance," Palgrave Studies in Impact Finance, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-3-030-40248-8, December.
    19. Alicea Skye Garcia & Thomas Wanner, 2017. "Gender inequality and food security: lessons from the gender-responsive work of the International Food Policy Research Institute and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 9(5), pages 1091-1103, October.
    20. Teemu Koskimäki, 2021. "Places to Intervene in a Socio-Ecological System: A Blueprint for Transformational Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4218-:d:785441. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.