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Food By-Product Valorization by Using Plant-Based Coagulants Combined with AOPs for Agro-Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Author

Listed:
  • Rita Beltrão Martins

    (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
    Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Nuno Jorge

    (Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
    Escuela Internacional de Doctorado (EIDO), Campus da Auga, Campus Universitário de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain)

  • Marco S. Lucas

    (Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Anabela Raymundo

    (LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Ana I. R. N. A. Barros

    (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • José A. Peres

    (Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

Abstract

Re-using and adding value to by-products is one of the current focuses of the agri-food industry, following the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations. In this work, the by-products of four plants, namely chestnut burr, acorn peel, olive leaf, and grape stem were used as coagulants to treat elderberry wastewater (EW), a problematic liquid effluent. EW pre-treatment using these natural coagulants showed promising results after pH and coagulant dosage optimization. However, the decrease in total organic carbon ( TOC ) was not significant, due to the addition of the plant-based natural coagulants which contain carbon content. After this pre-treatment, the photo-Fenton advanced oxidation process was selected, after preliminary assays, to improve the global performance of the EW treatment. Photo-Fenton was also optimized for the parameters of pH, H 2 O 2 , Fe 2+ , and irradiance power, and the best conditions were applied to the EW treatment. Under the best operational conditions defined in the parametric study, the combined results of coagulation–flocculation–decantation (CFD) and photo-Fenton for chestnut burr, acorn peel, olive leaf, and grape stem were, respectively, 90.2, 89.5, 91.5, and 88.7% for TOC removal; 88.7, 82.0, 90.2 and 93.1%, respectively, for turbidity removal; and finally, 40.6, 42.2, 45.3, and 39.1%, respectively, for TSS removal. As a final remark, it is possible to suggest that plant-based coagulants, combined with photo-Fenton, can be a promising strategy for EW treatment that simultaneously enables valorization by adding value back to food by-products.

Suggested Citation

  • Rita Beltrão Martins & Nuno Jorge & Marco S. Lucas & Anabela Raymundo & Ana I. R. N. A. Barros & José A. Peres, 2022. "Food By-Product Valorization by Using Plant-Based Coagulants Combined with AOPs for Agro-Industrial Wastewater Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4134-:d:783962
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stella Tsani & Phoebe Koundouri & Ebun Akinsete, 2020. "Resource management and sustainable development: A review of the European water policies in accordance with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals," DEOS Working Papers 2036, Athens University of Economics and Business.
    2. Zacharias Frontistis, 2020. "Sonoelectrochemical Degradation of Propyl Paraben: An Examination of the Synergy in Different Water Matrices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Nuno Jorge & Ana R. Teixeira & Carlos C. Matos & Marco S. Lucas & José A. Peres, 2021. "Combination of Coagulation–Flocculation–Decantation and Ozonation Processes for Winery Wastewater Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-26, August.
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    1. Nuno Jorge & Ana R. Teixeira & Lisete Fernandes & Sílvia Afonso & Ivo Oliveira & Berta Gonçalves & Marco S. Lucas & José A. Peres, 2023. "Treatment of Winery Wastewater by Combined Almond Skin Coagulant and Sulfate Radicals: Assessment of HSO 5 − Activators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-22, January.

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