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Second Victims in Intensive Care—Emotional Stress and Traumatization of Intensive Care Nurses in Western Austria after Adverse Events during the Treatment of Patients

Author

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  • Samuel Ganahl

    (Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innrain 98, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
    Vorarlberger Landeskrankenhäuser, Interdisziplinäre Intensivstation, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mario Knaus

    (Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innrain 98, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
    Paediatric Intensiv Care Unit, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Isabell Wiesenhuetter

    (Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
    Munich University Institute for Psychological Psychotherapy Training (MUNIP), 80802 Munich, Germany)

  • Victoria Klemm

    (Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany)

  • Eva M. Jabinger

    (Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innrain 98, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria)

  • Reinhard Strametz

    (Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
    Head of Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany)

Abstract

Background: The second victim phenomenon is common among nurses in intensive care units. Apart from quantitative studies, little is known about individual cases among those high-risk groups. This study evaluates the natural history and cause of second victim traumatization in Western Austria for the first time to tailor specific intervention. Methods: A total of 20 guided interviews were conducted with intensive care nurses in Western Austria. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed with MAXQDA software. Evaluation followed the structuring qualitative content analysis scheme according to Kuckartz. Results: The most frequent symptoms of the second victim phenomenon reported were feelings of guilt and problems with falling asleep. Coping with the second victim phenomenon was accomplished by conversations in private as well as among work colleagues. Conclusions: Intensive care nurses are exposed to many exceptional situations which have a high likelihood of resulting in second victim traumatization. As proximal psychosocial support is considered to be a main source of coping, wide-spread implementation of effective psychosocial peer support programs ought to be applied by medical organizations. Patient safety measures such as proactive and reactive clinical risk management (e.g., CIRS) should be linked to second victim support.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Ganahl & Mario Knaus & Isabell Wiesenhuetter & Victoria Klemm & Eva M. Jabinger & Reinhard Strametz, 2022. "Second Victims in Intensive Care—Emotional Stress and Traumatization of Intensive Care Nurses in Western Austria after Adverse Events during the Treatment of Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-9, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3611-:d:774097
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reinhard Strametz & Johannes C. Fendel & Peter Koch & Hannah Roesner & Max Zilezinski & Stefan Bushuven & Matthias Raspe, 2021. "Prevalence of Second Victims, Risk Factors, and Support Strategies among German Nurses (SeViD-II Survey)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Elisabeth Krommer & Miriam Ablöscher & Victoria Klemm & Christian Gatterer & Hannah Rösner & Reinhard Strametz & Wolfgang Huf & Brigitte Ettl, 2023. "Second Victim Phenomenon in an Austrian Hospital before the Implementation of the Systematic Collegial Help Program KoHi: A Descriptive Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-9, January.
    2. Maike Riegel & Victoria Klemm & Stefan Bushuven & Reinhard Strametz, 2022. "Self-Stigmatization of Healthcare Workers in Intensive Care, Acute, and Emergency Medicine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-9, October.

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