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Prevalence of Violence Perpetrated by Healthcare Workers in Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Alessio Conti

    (Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Alessandro Scacchi

    (Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Marco Clari

    (Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5bis, 10126 Turin, Italy)

  • Marco Scattaglia

    (Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5bis, 10126 Turin, Italy)

  • Valerio Dimonte

    (Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5bis, 10126 Turin, Italy)

  • Maria Michela Gianino

    (Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5bis, 10126 Turin, Italy)

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of violence perpetrated by healthcare workers (HCWs) against patients in long-term care (LTC). For this purpose, five relevant databases were searched. Two reviewers extracted data from the included articles independently and assessed their quality. Overall and subgroup random-effects pooled prevalence meta-analyses were performed. A series of meta-analyses stratified by study quality were also performed due to high heterogeneity. Nineteen articles were included, physical restraint (22%; CI: 15–29), verbal abuse (22%; CI: 16–28), and neglect (20%; CI: 15–26) attained the highest overall prevalence, while sexual abuse was less reported (2%; CI: 1–3). The prevalence of witnessed violence is generally higher than those reported by HCWs, and patients and their relatives reported fewer cases of violence than HCWs. Differences in violence perpetrated among LTC settings were found. Neglect (64%; CI: 56–72) and financial abuse (7%; CI: 3–12) reported by HCWs were higher in home care, while verbal abuse (21%; CI: 7–39) reported by patients or their families was higher in nursing homes. Our findings highlight that violence perpetrated by HCWs toward patients represents a significant concern in LTC, suggesting the adoption of reliable monitoring approaches and provision of assistance to victims in reporting abuse.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessio Conti & Alessandro Scacchi & Marco Clari & Marco Scattaglia & Valerio Dimonte & Maria Michela Gianino, 2022. "Prevalence of Violence Perpetrated by Healthcare Workers in Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2357-:d:752640
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marco Clari & Alessio Conti & Alessandro Scacchi & Marco Scattaglia & Valerio Dimonte & Maria Michela Gianino, 2020. "Prevalence of Workplace Sexual Violence against Healthcare Workers Providing Home Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Acierno, R. & Hernandez, M.A. & Amstadter, A.B. & Resnick, H.S. & Steve, K. & Muzzy, W. & Kilpatrick, D.G., 2010. "Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: The national elder mistreatment study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(2), pages 292-297.
    3. Jutta Lindert & Juan Luna & Francisco Torres-Gonzales & Henrique Barros & Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kopolou & Maria Melchiorre & Mindaugas Stankunas & Gloria Macassa & Joaquim Soares, 2013. "Abuse and neglect of older persons in seven cities in seven countries in Europe: a cross-sectional community study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(1), pages 121-132, February.
    4. Tanja Wirth & Claudia Peters & Albert Nienhaus & Anja Schablon, 2021. "Interventions for Workplace Violence Prevention in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.
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