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Association between Maternal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Preterm Birth: A Birth Cohort Study in Chongqing, China, 2015–2020

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  • Wenzheng Zhou

    (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
    Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China)

  • Xin Ming

    (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China)

  • Yunping Yang

    (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China)

  • Yaqiong Hu

    (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China)

  • Ziyi He

    (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China)

  • Hongyan Chen

    (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China)

  • Yannan Li

    (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China)

  • Xiaojun Zhou

    (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ping Yin

    (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Recent study results on the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution with preterm birth have been inconsistent. The sensitive window of exposure and influence level of air pollutants varied greatly. We aimed to explore the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of preterm birth, and to estimate the sensitive exposure time window. A total of 572,116 mother–newborn pairs, daily concentrations of air pollutants from nearest monitoring stations were used to estimate exposures for each participant during 2015–2020 in Chongqing, China. We applied a generalized additive model and estimated RRs and 95% CIs for preterm birth in each trimester and the entire pregnancy period. In the single-pollutant model, we observed that each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 had a statistically significant effect on the third trimester and entire pregnancy, with RR = 1.036 (95% CI: 1.021, 1.051) and RR = 1.101 (95% CI: 1.075, 1.128), respectively. Similarly, for each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 10 , there were 2.7% (RR = 1.027, 95% CI: 1.016, 1.038) increase for PTB on the third trimester, and 3.8% (RR = 1.038, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.057) increase during the whole pregnancy. We found that for each 10 mg/m 3 CO increases, the relative risk of PTB increased on the first trimester (RR = 1.081, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.162), second trimester (RR = 1.116, 95% CI: 1.035, 1.204), third trimester (RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.090, 1.250) and whole pregnancy (RR = 1.098, 95% CI: 1.011, 1.192). No statistically significant RR was found for SO 2 and NO 2 on each trimester of pregnancy. Our study indicates that maternal exposure to high levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10 during pregnancy may increase the risk for preterm birth, especially for women at the late stage of pregnancy. Statistically increased risks of preterm birth were associated with CO exposure during each trimester and entire pregnancy. Reducing exposure to ambient air pollutants for pregnant women is clearly necessary to improve the health of infants.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenzheng Zhou & Xin Ming & Yunping Yang & Yaqiong Hu & Ziyi He & Hongyan Chen & Yannan Li & Xiaojun Zhou & Ping Yin, 2022. "Association between Maternal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Preterm Birth: A Birth Cohort Study in Chongqing, China, 2015–2020," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2211-:d:750211
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu & Gizachew Assefa Tessema & Ben Mullins & Bernard Kumi-Boateng & Michelle Lee Bell & Gavin Pereira, 2020. "Ambient Air Pollution, Extreme Temperatures and Birth Outcomes: A Protocol for an Umbrella Review, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Youngrin Kwag & Min-ho Kim & Shinhee Ye & Jongmin Oh & Gyeyoon Yim & Young Ju Kim & Eunji Kim & Semi Lee & Tai Kyung Koh & Eunhee Ha, 2021. "The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010–2016," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-8, February.
    3. Valentin Simoncic & Christophe Enaux & Séverine Deguen & Wahida Kihal-Talantikite, 2020. "Adverse Birth Outcomes Related to NO 2 and PM Exposure: European Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-70, November.
    4. Yumjirmaa Mandakh & Ralf Rittner & Erin Flanagan & Anna Oudin & Christina Isaxon & Mary Familari & Stefan Rocco Hansson & Ebba Malmqvist, 2020. "Maternal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Preeclampsia: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Scania, Sweden," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-16, March.
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