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Air Pollution and Birth Outcomes: Health Impact and Economic Value Assessment in Spain

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  • Marcelle Virginia Canto

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
    Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, International Doctorate Program, National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • Mònica Guxens

    (Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Medicine and Live Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Anna García-Altés

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Departament de Salut, Direcció General de Planificació i Recerca en Salut, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
    Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Maria José López

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Public Health Agency of Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Public Health Agency of Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Javier García-Pérez

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Chronic Diseases Department, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Rebeca Ramis

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Chronic Diseases Department, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Air pollution is considered an ongoing major public health and environmental issue around the globe, affecting the most vulnerable, such as pregnant women and fetuses. The aim of this study is to estimate the health impact and economic value on birth outcomes, such as low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), attributable to a reduction of PM 10 levels in Spain. Reduction based on four scenarios was implemented: fulfillment of WHO guidelines and EU limits, and an attributable reduction of 15% and 50% in annual PM 10 levels. Retrospective study on 288,229 live-born singleton children born between 2009–2010, using data from Spain Birth Registry Statistics database, as well as mean PM 10 mass concentrations. Our finding showed that a decrease in annual exposure to PM 10 appears to be associated with a decrease in the annual cases of LBW, SGA and PTB, as well as a reduction in hospital cost attributed to been born with LBW. Improving pregnancy outcomes by reducing the number of LBW up to 5% per year, will result in an estimate associated monetary saving of 50,000 to 7,000,000 euros annually. This study agrees with previous literature and highlights the need to implement, and ensure compliance with, stricter policies that regulate the maximum exposure to outdoor PM permitted in Spain, contributing to decreased environmental health risk, especially negative birth outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcelle Virginia Canto & Mònica Guxens & Anna García-Altés & Maria José López & Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo & Javier García-Pérez & Rebeca Ramis, 2023. "Air Pollution and Birth Outcomes: Health Impact and Economic Value Assessment in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2290-:d:1048521
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Valentin Simoncic & Christophe Enaux & Séverine Deguen & Wahida Kihal-Talantikite, 2020. "Adverse Birth Outcomes Related to NO 2 and PM Exposure: European Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-70, November.
    2. Alberto Castro & Thomas Götschi & Beat Achermann & Urs Baltensperger & Brigitte Buchmann & Denise Felber Dietrich & Alexandre Flückiger & Marianne Geiser & Brigitte Gälli Purghart & Hans Gygax & Melte, 2020. "Comparing the lung cancer burden of ambient particulate matter using scenarios of air quality standards versus acceptable risk levels," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 65(2), pages 139-148, March.
    3. Gerardo Sanchez Martinez & Joseph V. Spadaro & Dimitris Chapizanis & Vladimir Kendrovski & Mihail Kochubovski & Pierpaolo Mudu, 2018. "Health Impacts and Economic Costs of Air Pollution in the Metropolitan Area of Skopje," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-11, March.
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