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Understanding the Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Stress in the Association between Proximity to the World Trade Center Disaster and Birth Outcomes

Author

Listed:
  • Miranda J. Spratlen

    (Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA)

  • Frederica P. Perera

    (Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA)

  • Andreas Sjodin

    (National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Yuyan Wang

    (Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Julie B. Herbstman

    (Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Leonardo Trasande

    (Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Fetal growth is affected by exposure to both prenatal stress and environmental contaminants. The attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) resulted in exposure to chemicals and psychological stress amongst New York City residents. We measured prenatal maternal stress and exposure to persistent organic pollutants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)) in 108 participants from a Columbia University WTC birth cohort. Principal component (PC) analyses were conducted to characterize the mixture of exposure to the three groups of chemicals. We evaluated the associations between geographical exposures (proximity to the WTC disaster) and both chemical exposures (PCs) and stress (demoralization). We then evaluated the effect these exposures (PCs and stress) had on previously reported associations between geographical WTC exposure and birth outcomes (birth weight and birth length) in this study population to understand their individual roles in the observed associations. Geographical exposure via proximity to the WTC was associated with the PC reflecting higher PCDD exposure (PC3) (β = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.18 for living/working within 2 miles of the WTC; and β = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.08, 1.38 for living within 2 miles of WTC). Previously reported reductions in birth weight and length associated with WTC proximity (β = −215.2, 95% CI: −416.2, −14.3 and β = −1.47, 95% CI: −2.6, −0.34, respectively) were attenuated and no longer significant for birth weight (β = −156.4, 95% CI: −358.2, 45.4) after adjusting for PC3, suggesting that PCDDs may act as partial mediators in this previously observed association. The results of this study can help focus future research on the long-term health effects of these prenatally exposed populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Miranda J. Spratlen & Frederica P. Perera & Andreas Sjodin & Yuyan Wang & Julie B. Herbstman & Leonardo Trasande, 2022. "Understanding the Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Stress in the Association between Proximity to the World Trade Center Disaster and Birth Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2008-:d:746856
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henry Kaiser, 1958. "The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 23(3), pages 187-200, September.
    2. Diane Lauderdale, 2006. "Birth outcomes for Arabic-named women in California before and after September 11," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 43(1), pages 185-201, February.
    3. Maslow, C.B. & Caramanica, K. & Li, J. & Stellman, S.D. & Brackbill, R.M., 2016. "Reproductive outcomes following maternal exposure to the events of September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center, in New York City," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(10), pages 1796-1803.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yian Zhang & Rebecca Rosen & Joan Reibman & Yongzhao Shao, 2022. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Mediates the Association between Traumatic World Trade Center Dust Cloud Exposure and Ongoing Systemic Inflammation in Community Members," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Cortes, Darwin & Gómez, Catalina & Posso, Christian & Suarez, Gabriel, 2023. "Hunting Militias at All Cost: Urban Military Operation and Birth Outcomes," Documentos de Trabajo 20935, Universidad del Rosario.
    3. Gabriele Grunig & Nedim Durmus & Yian Zhang & Yuting Lu & Sultan Pehlivan & Yuyan Wang & Kathleen Doo & Maria L. Cotrina-Vidal & Roberta Goldring & Kenneth I. Berger & Mengling Liu & Yongzhao Shao & J, 2022. "Molecular Clustering Analysis of Blood Biomarkers in World Trade Center Exposed Community Members with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-18, July.

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