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Lifestyle Variations during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Diet, Physical Activities, and Weight Gain among the Jordanian Adult Population

Author

Listed:
  • Hanan Hammouri

    (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

  • Fidaa Almomani

    (Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

  • Ruwa Abdel Muhsen

    (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

  • Aysha Abughazzi

    (Department of English Language and Linguistics, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

  • Rawand Daghmash

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

  • Alaa Abudayah

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

  • Inas Hasan

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

  • Eva Alzein

    (Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan)

Abstract

The way that COVID-19 has been handled since its inception in 2019 has had a significant impact on lifestyle-related behaviors, such as physical activities, diet, and sleep patterns. This study measures lifestyle-related behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown using a 22-item questionnaire. The responses were collected from March 2021 to September 2021. A total of four hundred and sixty-seven Jordanian participants were engaged in assessing the changes caused by the pandemic and their effect on BMI. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested for 71 participants. Cronbach’s alpha values for the questionnaire exceeded 0.7, demonstrating good reliability and internal consistency. The effect of each question regarding physical activity and dietary habits over the BMI difference was studied using ANOVA. The study shows that more than half of the participants reported snacking more between meals and increased their sitting and screen time, while 74% felt more stressed and anxious. BMI difference among the individuals throughout the lockdown was significantly associated with these variables. In contrast, 62% of the participants showed more awareness about their health by increasing the intake of immunity-boosting foods, and 56% of the participants showed an increase in the consumption of nutrition supplements. Females and married individuals tended to be healthier. Therefore, their BMI showed stability compared to others based on their gender and marital status. Exercise, sleep, and avoiding ‘junk’ food, which contributes to weight gain and COVID-19 vulnerability, are strongly recommended.

Suggested Citation

  • Hanan Hammouri & Fidaa Almomani & Ruwa Abdel Muhsen & Aysha Abughazzi & Rawand Daghmash & Alaa Abudayah & Inas Hasan & Eva Alzein, 2022. "Lifestyle Variations during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Diet, Physical Activities, and Weight Gain among the Jordanian Adult Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1346-:d:734022
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Frankema, Ewout & Tworek, Heidi, 2020. "Pandemics that changed the world: historical reflections on COVID-19," Journal of Global History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 333-335, November.
    2. Rob Eisinga & Manfred Grotenhuis & Ben Pelzer, 2013. "The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown?," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(4), pages 637-642, August.
    3. Herman Oyen & Wilma Nusselder & Carol Jagger & Petra Kolip & Emmanuelle Cambois & Jean-Marie Robine, 2013. "Gender differences in healthy life years within the EU: an exploration of the “health–survival” paradox," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(1), pages 143-155, February.
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    2. Anna Merwid-Ląd & Marta Szandruk-Bender & Agnieszka Matuszewska & Małgorzata Trocha & Beata Nowak & Marie Oster & Adam Szeląg, 2022. "Factors That Influence the Use of Dietary Supplements among the Students of Wroclaw Medical University in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-23, June.

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