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The Biological Role of Vitamins in Athletes’ Muscle, Heart and Microbiota

Author

Listed:
  • Mariarita Brancaccio

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
    These authors contributed equally.)

  • Cristina Mennitti

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
    These authors contributed equally.)

  • Arturo Cesaro

    (Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
    Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Fabio Fimiani

    (Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale AORN Dei Colli, “V.Monaldi”, 80122 Naples, Italy)

  • Martina Vano

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Biagio Gargiulo

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Martina Caiazza

    (Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy)

  • Federica Amodio

    (Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy)

  • Iolanda Coto

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Giovanni D’Alicandro

    (Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy)

  • Cristina Mazzaccara

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
    Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Barbara Lombardo

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
    Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Raffaela Pero

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
    Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy)

  • Daniela Terracciano

    (Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Limongelli

    (Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy)

  • Paolo Calabrò

    (Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
    Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Valeria D’Argenio

    (Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy
    Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Roma, Italy)

  • Giulia Frisso

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
    Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Olga Scudiero

    (Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
    Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy
    Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy)

Abstract

Physical activity, combined with adequate nutrition, is considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and intestinal dysbiosis. Achieving optimal performance requires a significantly high energy expenditure, which must be correctly supplied to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as muscle injuries, oxidative stress, and heart pathologies, and a decrease in physical performance during competition. Moreover, in sports activities, the replenishment of water, vitamins, and minerals consumed during training is essential for safeguarding athletes’ health. In this scenario, vitamins play a pivotal role in numerous metabolic reactions and some muscle biochemical adaptation processes induced by sports activity. Vitamins are introduced to the diet because the human body is unable to produce these micronutrients. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental role of vitamin supplementation in physical activity. Above all, we focus on the roles of vitamins A, B6, D, E, and K in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, muscle injuries, and regulation of the microbiome.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariarita Brancaccio & Cristina Mennitti & Arturo Cesaro & Fabio Fimiani & Martina Vano & Biagio Gargiulo & Martina Caiazza & Federica Amodio & Iolanda Coto & Giovanni D’Alicandro & Cristina Mazzaccar, 2022. "The Biological Role of Vitamins in Athletes’ Muscle, Heart and Microbiota," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1249-:d:731228
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mariarita Brancaccio & Cristina Mennitti & Alessandro Gentile & Luca Correale & Cosme Franklim Buzzachera & Cinzia Ferraris & Cristina Montomoli & Giulia Frisso & Paola Borrelli & Olga Scudiero, 2021. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Job Activity, Dietary Behaviours and Physical Activity Habits of University Population of Naples, Federico II-Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Raffaela Pero & Mariarita Brancaccio & Cristina Mennitti & Luca Gentile & Sergio Arpino & Renato De Falco & Eleonora Leggiero & Annaluisa Ranieri & Chiara Pagliuca & Roberta Colicchio & Paola Salvator, 2020. "Urinary Biomarkers: Diagnostic Tools for Monitoring Athletes’ Health Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Mariarita Brancaccio & Cristina Mennitti & Arturo Cesaro & Fabio Fimiani & Elisabetta Moscarella & Martina Caiazza & Felice Gragnano & Annaluisa Ranieri & Giovanni D’Alicandro & Nadia Tinto & Cristina, 2020. "Dietary Thiols: A Potential Supporting Strategy against Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure and Muscular Damage during Sports Activity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Olga Scudiero & Barbara Lombardo & Mariarita Brancaccio & Cristina Mennitti & Arturo Cesaro & Fabio Fimiani & Luca Gentile & Elisabetta Moscarella & Federica Amodio & Annaluisa Ranieri & Felice Gragna, 2021. "Exercise, Immune System, Nutrition, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases during COVID-19: A Complex Combination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-20, January.
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