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Prevalence of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in HCW in Kosovo during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Fatime Arenliu Qosaj

    (Master Program in Healthcare Management, College AAB, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

  • Stevan Merrill Weine

    (Center for Global Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

  • Pleurat Sejdiu

    (Kosovo Medical Chamber, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
    Orthopedic Clinic, Kosovo Hospital University Clinical Services, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

  • Fekrije Hasani

    (Alma Mater Europaea, Campus College Rezonanca, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
    Kosovo Nursing Chamber, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
    Ministry of Health, Government of the Republic of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
    As of 1 December 2022, Fekrije Hasani is no longer affiliated with the Ministry of Health, Government of the Republic of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo.)

  • Shukrije Statovci

    (Psychiatry Clinic, Kosovo Hospital University Clinical Services, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

  • Vigan Behluli

    (Kosovo Association of Psychologists, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

  • Aliriza Arenliu

    (Department of Psychology, Prishtina University, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo)

Abstract

A pandemic may have a negative impact on healthcare workers’ (HCW) mental health. In this cross-sectional study, we assess the self-reported prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression and identify their predictive factors among HCW in Kosovo. The online questionnaire collected data on socio-demographics (sex, age, occupation, education, workplace) and the presence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress through the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and linear logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Of the 545 respondents, the majority were male (53.0%), under 60 years of age (94.7%), and married (81.7%). Most of them were physicians (78.2%), while the remaining were nurses, midwives, and other health professionals (22%). Prevalence rates for moderate to extremely high stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were 21.9%, 13.0%, and 13.9%, respectively. The nurses reported significantly higher mean scores for depression and anxiety than the physicians ( p < 0.05). Being married, having poor health, not exercising, and reporting “burnout” from work significantly predicted higher levels of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms among health workers ( p < 0.05). Most HCWs (71.6%) reported a mild, moderate, or severe mental health burden, and certain factors predicted higher levels of such burden.

Suggested Citation

  • Fatime Arenliu Qosaj & Stevan Merrill Weine & Pleurat Sejdiu & Fekrije Hasani & Shukrije Statovci & Vigan Behluli & Aliriza Arenliu, 2022. "Prevalence of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in HCW in Kosovo during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16667-:d:1000516
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luke Sy-Cherng Woon & Hatta Sidi & Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar & Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah, 2020. "Mental Health Status of University Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Post–Movement Lockdown Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Carmen Trumello & Sonia Monique Bramanti & Giulia Ballarotto & Carla Candelori & Luca Cerniglia & Silvia Cimino & Monia Crudele & Lucia Lombardi & Silvia Pignataro & Maria Luisa Viceconti & Alessandra, 2020. "Psychological Adjustment of Healthcare Workers in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences in Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Compassion Satisfaction between Frontli," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Gabriel, Kelly P. & Aguinis, Herman, 2022. "How to prevent and combat employee burnout and create healthier workplaces during crises and beyond," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 65(2), pages 183-192.
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