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Response of Macrophyte Diversity in Coastal Lakes to Watershed Land Use and Salinity Gradient

Author

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  • Mirosław Grzybowski

    (Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Paweł Burandt

    (Department of Water Management and Climatology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki Sq. 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk

    (Department of Water Management and Climatology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Łódzki Sq. 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Sylwia Lew

    (Department of Microbiology and Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 1a, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Krystian Obolewski

    (Department of Hydrobiology, University of Kazimierz Wielki in Bydgoszcz, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

Abstract

Coastal lakes are subject to multiple stressors, among which land use, hydrological connectivity, and salinity have the greatest effect on their biodiversity. We studied the effects that various land cover types (CORINE) of coastal lake watersheds had on macrophyte diversity in ten coastal lakes along the southern Baltic coast as characterised by twelve phytocenotic indices: these being a number of communities, Shannon–Wiener diversity, evenness, and indices of taxonomic distinctiveness of plant communities: vegetation coverage; colonisation index; share of the phytolittoral area in the total lake area, as well as shares of nympheides, pondweeds, charophytes, marine, emerged and submerged communities in the total lake area. The effects were checked for three groups of lakes distinguished by differences in salinity–freshwater (F, 5), transitional (T, 4), and brackish (B, 1)—in which a total of 48 macrophyte communities were identified. The most abundant in aquatic phytocoenoses were lakes of T type. A partial least squares regression model (PLS-R) showed a stronger impact of land-use types in immediate vicinities and entire watersheds than the impact of physico-chemical properties of water on phytocenotic indices in the lakes. Macrophyte diversity was relatively low in urban and agricultural catchments and relatively high in forest and wetland areas. Agriculture had a negative impact on the number of macrophyte communities in F lakes and, in T lakes, on the number of macrophyte communities, biodiversity, evenness, and proportion of emerged, submerged, and marine communities. Urban areas contributed to lower values of evenness, vegetation coverage, and share of marine communities in F, but, in T, to lower the number of macrophyte communities, evenness, and proportion of submerged and marine communities. Our results confirm the significant impact of land use on macrophyte diversity in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Combined analysis of anthropogenic and natural descriptors is a prerequisite for analysing human threats to biodiversity in coastal lakes. Macrophyte community-based measures of biodiversity are sensitive indicators of anthropogenic impact on the ecological condition of coastal ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Mirosław Grzybowski & Paweł Burandt & Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk & Sylwia Lew & Krystian Obolewski, 2022. "Response of Macrophyte Diversity in Coastal Lakes to Watershed Land Use and Salinity Gradient," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16620-:d:999747
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daigneault, Adam & Strong, Aaron L. & Meyer, Spencer R., 2021. "Benefits, costs, and feasibility of scaling up land conservation for maintaining ecosystem services in the Sebago Lake watershed, Maine, USA," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    2. Sylwia Lew & Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk & Paweł Burandt & Klaudia Kulesza & Szymon Kobus & Krystian Obolewski, 2022. "Salinity as a Determinant Structuring Microbial Communities in Coastal Lakes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Patrycja Szarek-Iwaniuk, 2021. "A Comparative Analysis of Spatial Data and Land Use/Land Cover Classification in Urbanized Areas and Areas Subjected to Anthropogenic Pressure for the Example of Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Dorte Krause-Jensen & Tina Greve & Kurt Nielsen, 2005. "Eelgrass as a Bioindicator Under the European Water Framework Directive," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 19(1), pages 63-75, February.
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