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Prospective Association between Smartphone Addiction and Perceived Stress and Moderation of Boredom during COVID-19 in China

Author

Listed:
  • Jiankang He

    (Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Xue Yang

    (Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mingxuan Du

    (Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China)

  • Chengjia Zhao

    (School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)

  • Xin Wang

    (Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

  • Guohua Zhang

    (Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
    The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China)

  • Honglei Peng

    (The Audit Office, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
    School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China)

Abstract

Smartphone addiction (SPA) is prevalent in college students and harms their healthy development, and perceived stress (PS) has been a well-documented risk factor of SPA. People often experienced boredom during COVID-19; however, its effect on behavioral/mental health during the pandemic has been rarely tested. We investigated the prospective association between SPA and PS before and during COVID-19, as well as the moderation of boredom. A total of 197 college students participated in four-wave surveys from December 2018 to June 2020 in China. The cross-lagged model was developed to investigate the prospective association between SPA and PS from T1 to T4. Boredom was added to the model at T4 as a moderator to explore the moderating role of boredom during COVID-19. The results showed that the pandemic changed PS’s prediction on SPA. During COVID-19, boredom significantly affected SPA and PS and moderated the link from PS at T3 to PS at T4. The results suggest that the prospective associations between SPA and PS varied before and during COVID-19. Prevention of SPA should be conducted for new students and should be used to enhance their stress coping capacity. Intervention programs for eliminating boredom may be effective for reducing stress and SPA during COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiankang He & Xue Yang & Mingxuan Du & Chengjia Zhao & Xin Wang & Guohua Zhang & Honglei Peng, 2022. "Prospective Association between Smartphone Addiction and Perceived Stress and Moderation of Boredom during COVID-19 in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15355-:d:978830
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jianhui Yu & Changqin Huang & Zhongmei Han & Tao He & Ming Li, 2020. "Investigating the Influence of Interaction on Learning Persistence in Online Settings: Moderation or Mediation of Academic Emotions?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Ismael Salamah Albursan & Mohammad Farhan Al. Qudah & Hafidha Sulaiman Al-Barashdi & Salaheldin Farah Bakhiet & Eqbal Darandari & Sumayyah S. Al-Asqah & Heba Ibraheem Hammad & Mohammed M. Al-Khadher &, 2022. "Smartphone Addiction among University Students in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence, Relationship to Academic Procrastination, Quality of Life, Gender and Educational Stage," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-15, August.
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