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Moderating Effect of Community and Individual Resilience on Structural Stigma and Suicidal Ideation among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults in the United States

Author

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  • Jennifer R. Pharr

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA)

  • Lung-Chang Chien

    (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA)

  • Maxim Gakh

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA)

  • Jason D. Flatt

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA)

  • Krystal Kittle

    (Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA)

  • Emylia Terry

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA)

Abstract

Background: Structural stigma in the form of discriminatory laws and policies impacts the mental health of sexual and gender minorities, especially with regard to suicidality. However, this relationship could be moderated by resilience. The past two years has brought anti-SGM legislation, particularly transgender sports bans, at the state level in the United States into focus. This study aims to understand if the relationship between familiarity with transgender sports bans (proposed or enacted) and suicidality was moderated by individual or community resilience. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of survey data collected from a national sample of 1033 SGM adults in the United States between 28 January and 7 February 2022. Univariate and multivariate moderation analyses were used. Results: In the univariate analyses and the final model, community resilience moderated the relationship between structural stigma and suicidality ( p = 0.0002); however, individual resilience did not ( p = 0.0664). Conclusion: Interventions to bolster community resilience may attenuate the negative mental health impacts of structural stigma and are warranted, along with concerted efforts to minimize structural stigma in the form of discriminatory laws and policies targeting people who are SGM.

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer R. Pharr & Lung-Chang Chien & Maxim Gakh & Jason D. Flatt & Krystal Kittle & Emylia Terry, 2022. "Moderating Effect of Community and Individual Resilience on Structural Stigma and Suicidal Ideation among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14526-:d:964215
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hatzenbuehler, Mark L. & Rutherford, Caroline & McKetta, Sarah & Prins, Seth J. & Keyes, Katherine M., 2020. "Structural stigma and all-cause mortality among sexual minorities: Differences by sexual behavior?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    2. Bockting, W.O. & Miner, M.H. & Swinburne Romine, R.E. & Hamilton, A. & Coleman, E., 2013. "Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(5), pages 943-951.
    3. Nai-Ying Ko & I-Hsuan Lin & Yu-Te Huang & Mu-Hong Chen & Wei-Hsin Lu & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2020. "Associations of Perceived Socially Unfavorable Attitudes toward Homosexuality and Same-Sex Marriage with Suicidal Ideation in Taiwanese People before and after Same-Sex Marriage Referendums," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Perales, Francisco & Todd, Abram, 2018. "Structural stigma and the health and wellbeing of Australian LGB populations: Exploiting geographic variation in the results of the 2017 same-sex marriage plebiscite," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 190-199.
    5. Hatzenbuehler, M.L. & Birkett, M. & Van Wagenen, A. & Meyer, I.H., 2014. "Protective school climates and reduced risk for suicide ideation in sexual minority youths," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(2), pages 279-286.
    6. Jennifer R. Pharr & Lung-Chang Chien & Maxim Gakh & Jason Flatt & Krystal Kittle & Emylia Terry, 2022. "Serial Mediation Analysis of the Association of Familiarity with Transgender Sports Bans and Suicidality among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-16, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jennifer R. Pharr & Emylia Terry & André Wade & Amanda Haboush-Deloye & Erika Marquez & Nevada Minority Health and Equity Coalition, 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 on Sexual and Gender Minority Communities: Focus Group Discussions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Otávio Baggiotto Bettega & Cesar Vieira Marques Filho & Lucas Leonardo & João Cláudio Braga Pereira Machado & Alcides José Scaglia & Larissa Rafaela Galatti, 2023. "Children’s Training and Competition in Football: The Coach’s View on Family Participation and Healthy Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, January.

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