IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i21p14397-d962164.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Changing Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study

Author

Listed:
  • Xiao Yan Chen

    (Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong)

  • Camilla K. M. Lo

    (Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong)

  • Frederick K. Ho

    (Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK)

  • Wing Cheong Leung

    (Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong)

  • Patrick Ip

    (Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong)

  • Ko Ling Chan

    (Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong)

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women adversely impacts women’s and infants’ health. This study aims to provide longitudinal evidence regarding how pregnant women’s exposure to IPV changes over time. Additionally, we examine the risk and protective factors associated with these changes. In total, 340 pregnant women were recruited from an antenatal clinic in Hong Kong. IPV experiences and health conditions were assessed at pregnancy and at both 4 weeks and 3 years after childbirth. The women also reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), their family support, and perceived partner involvement. We found IPV prevalence among the study sample decreased from 22.9% before pregnancy to 13.5% during pregnancy, 14.7% at 4 weeks after childbirth, and 11.8% at 3 years after childbirth. We further found three types of IPV: 11.8% of women had a violent relationship (VR) persistently over time from pregnancy to 3 years after childbirth, 20.6% experienced decreased IPV (DVR), and 67.6% reported a nonviolent relationship (NVR) throughout the study period. VRs were associated with more severe mental health problems and higher ACEs. Family support and partner involvement may be protective factors for decreased IPV. Our present findings highlight the importance of identifying different IPV types over time to provide targeted intervention to the most vulnerable groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiao Yan Chen & Camilla K. M. Lo & Frederick K. Ho & Wing Cheong Leung & Patrick Ip & Ko Ling Chan, 2022. "Changing Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-12, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14397-:d:962164
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14397/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14397/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Louise M Howard & Sian Oram & Helen Galley & Kylee Trevillion & Gene Feder, 2013. "Domestic Violence and Perinatal Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-1, May.
    2. Rosario M. Román-Gálvez & Sandra Martín-Peláez & Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano & Khalid Saeed Khan & Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, 2021. "Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: An Umbrella Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marianna Mazza & Emanuele Caroppo & Giuseppe Marano & Daniela Chieffo & Lorenzo Moccia & Delfina Janiri & Lucio Rinaldi & Luigi Janiri & Gabriele Sani, 2021. "Caring for Mothers: A Narrative Review on Interpersonal Violence and Peripartum Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Nandini D. P. Sarkar & Azucena Bardaji & Koen Peeters Grietens & Joske Bunders-Aelen & Florence Baingana & Bart Criel, 2018. "The Social Nature of Perceived Illness Representations of Perinatal Depression in Rural Uganda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Grace Branjerdporn & Besalat Hussain & Susan Roberts & Debra Creedy, 2022. "Uncovering the Model and Philosophy of Care of a Psychiatric Inpatient Mother-Baby Unit in a Qualitative Study with Staff," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-20, August.
    4. Julie Vignato & Jane M Georges & Ruth A Bush & Cynthia D Connelly, 2017. "Post‐traumatic stress disorder in the perinatal period: A concept analysis," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(23-24), pages 3859-3868, December.
    5. Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano & Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, 2021. "The Relegated Goal of Health Institutions: Sexual and Reproductive Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-4, February.
    6. Diksha Sapkota & Kathleen Baird & Amornrat Saito & Pappu Rijal & Rita Pokharel & Debra Anderson, 2020. "‘We don’t see because we don’t ask’: Qualitative exploration of service users’ and health professionals’ views regarding a psychosocial intervention targeting pregnant women experiencing domestic and ," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, March.
    7. Victoria Menil, 2015. "Missed Opportunities in Global Health: Identifying New Strategies to Improve Mental Health in LMICs," Working Papers id:7987, eSocialSciences.
    8. Mehreen Sumra & Sohail Asghar & Khalid S. Khan & Juan M. Fernández-Luna & Juan F. Huete & Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, 2023. "Smartphone Apps for Domestic Violence Prevention: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-15, March.
    9. Mariana de Oliveira Fonseca‐Machado & Lisiane Camargo Alves & Juliana Cristina dos Santos Monteiro & Juliana Stefanello & Ana Márcia Spanó Nakano & Vanderlei José Haas & Flávia Gomes‐Sponholz, 2015. "Depressive disorder in pregnant Latin women: does intimate partner violence matter?," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(9-10), pages 1289-1299, May.
    10. Gabriela R. Perez & Sara M. Stasik-O’Brien & Lauren M. Laifer & Rebecca L. Brock, 2022. "Psychological and Physical Intimate Partner Aggression Are Associated with Broad and Specific Internalizing Symptoms during Pregnancy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, January.
    11. Liana Suparare & Stuart J Watson & Ray Binns & Jacqueline Frayne & Megan Galbally, 2020. "Is intimate partner violence more common in pregnant women with severe mental illness? A retrospective study," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(3), pages 225-231, May.
    12. Omotayo Bernard & Roger C Gibson & Affette McCaw-Binns & Jody Reece & Charlene Coore-Desai & Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington & Maureen Samms-Vaughan, 2018. "Antenatal depressive symptoms in Jamaica associated with limited perceived partner and other social support: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, March.
    13. Do, Huyen Phuc & Tran, Bach Xuan & Nguyen, Cuong Tat & Vo, Thang Van & Baker, Philip R.A. & Dunne, Michael P., 2019. "Inter-partner violence during pregnancy, maternal mental health and birth outcomes in Vietnam: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 255-265.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14397-:d:962164. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.