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Time-Dependent Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Hengxu Liu

    (Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Shiqi Liu

    (Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Kun Wang

    (Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Tingran Zhang

    (Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Lian Yin

    (Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Jiaqi Liang

    (Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Yi Yang

    (Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Jiong Luo

    (Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

Abstract

Purpose: Physical activity is an important non-drug-related method to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, but how exercise duration affects the cardiovascular metabolic risk factors in adults remains uncertain. This review systematically examines the time-dependent effects of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in adults and aims to further the understanding of the temporal therapeutics of exercise. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CNKI databases were systematically searched for relevant scientific studies from January 2000 to June 2022. Results: A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The sample size ranged from 11–275 participants who were diagnosed with obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and Coronary Heart Disease (CAD), while the subjects in four studies did not report any metabolic or cardiovascular disease. Four studies conducted trials of acute exercise interventions, while the remaining intervention periods ranged from 12 days to 12 weeks. The exercise interventions included aerobic training, resistance training, aerobic training that was combined with resistance training, compound exercise, and high-intensity interval exercise, and the training frequency varied from 2–5 times/week. Conclusions: Overall, this review found some evidence that the cardiovascular risk factors in adults may be time-dependent in response to physical activity. However, it is limited by the small sample size for each of the outcomes and several methodological issues, leading to poor comparability between studies. A randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is supposed to be designed for the relevant population to completely test whether synchronizing the exercise time point in the day with the individual’s circadian rhythm can amplify the benefits of the exercise for improving cardiovascular health.

Suggested Citation

  • Hengxu Liu & Shiqi Liu & Kun Wang & Tingran Zhang & Lian Yin & Jiaqi Liang & Yi Yang & Jiong Luo, 2022. "Time-Dependent Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14194-:d:958154
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laura A. Solt & Yongjun Wang & Subhashis Banerjee & Travis Hughes & Douglas J. Kojetin & Thomas Lundasen & Youseung Shin & Jin Liu & Michael D. Cameron & Romain Noel & Seung-Hee Yoo & Joseph S. Takaha, 2012. "Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists," Nature, Nature, vol. 485(7396), pages 62-68, May.
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    1. Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas & Leandro de Oliveira Sant’Ana & Jeferson Macedo Vianna & Sergio Machado & Jani Cleria Pereira Bezerra & Matthew T. Corey & Fabiana Rodrigues Scartoni, 2022. "Chronic Effects of Different Types of Neuromuscular Training on Hemodynamic Responses Estimated VO 2max , and Walking Performance in Older People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-10, December.

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