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Contemplative Practices Behavior Is Positively Associated with Well-Being in Three Global Multi-Regional Stanford WELL for Life Cohorts

Author

Listed:
  • Tia Rich

    (Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA)

  • Benjamin W. Chrisinger

    (Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2ER, UK)

  • Rajani Kaimal

    (Penumbra, Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA)

  • Sandra J. Winter

    (Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA)

  • Haley Hedlin

    (Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA)

  • Yan Min

    (Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA)

  • Xueyin Zhao

    (Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Shankuan Zhu

    (Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • San-Lin You

    (School of Medicine, Data Science Center, College of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan)

  • Chien-An Sun

    (School of Medicine, Data Science Center, College of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan)

  • Jaw-Town Lin

    (Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan)

  • Ann W. Hsing

    (Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA)

  • Catherine Heaney

    (Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
    Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA)

Abstract

Positive associations between well-being and a single contemplative practice (e.g., mindfulness meditation) are well documented, yet prior work may have underestimated the strength of the association by omitting consideration of multiple and/or alternative contemplative practices. Moreover, little is known about how contemplative practice behavior (CPB) impacts different dimensions of well-being. This study investigates the relationship of CPB, consisting of four discrete practices (embodied somatic-observing, non-reactive mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others), with multiple dimensions of well-being. As with other canonical lifestyle behaviors, multiple contemplative practices can be integrated into one’s daily routine. Thus, it is critical to holistically consider these behaviors, extending them beyond a simple uni-dimensional measure (e.g., daily mindfulness meditation practice). We developed an integrative measure of four types of contemplative practice and found it to be significantly associated with a multi-dimensional measure of well-being. Importantly, our findings were from three large global multi-regional cohorts and compared against better-understood lifestyle behaviors (physical activity). Data were drawn from California/San Francisco Bay Area, ( n = 6442), Hangzhou City ( n = 10,268), and New Taipei City ( n = 3033). In all three cohorts, we found statistically significant ( p < 0.05) positive associations between CPB and well-being, both overall and with all of the constituent domains of well-being, comparable to or stronger than the relationship with physical activity across most well-being outcomes. These findings provide robust and cross-cultural evidence for a positive association between CPB and well-being, illuminate dimensions of well-being that could be most influenced by CPB, and suggest CPB may be useful to include as part of fundamental lifestyle recommendations for health and well-being.

Suggested Citation

  • Tia Rich & Benjamin W. Chrisinger & Rajani Kaimal & Sandra J. Winter & Haley Hedlin & Yan Min & Xueyin Zhao & Shankuan Zhu & San-Lin You & Chien-An Sun & Jaw-Town Lin & Ann W. Hsing & Catherine Heaney, 2022. "Contemplative Practices Behavior Is Positively Associated with Well-Being in Three Global Multi-Regional Stanford WELL for Life Cohorts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13485-:d:946140
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    References listed on IDEAS

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