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Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Phoebe Pui Ying Lam

    (Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

  • Helene Chua

    (Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1051, New Zealand)

  • Manikandan Ekambaram

    (Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand)

  • Edward Chin Man Lo

    (Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

  • Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu

    (Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to systematically review the literature to determine whether early childhood caries (ECC) is significantly associated with caries development in permanent teeth among school children and adolescents, and to identify the association of other risk factors over 24 months. A systematic literature search was performed in four electronic databases and via a manual search from inception to 28 July 2022. Independent study selection and screening, data extraction, evaluation of risk of bias using ROBINS-I tool and certainty of evidence with GRADE were performed. Ten cohort studies were included, all of which identified that ECC significantly increased the risk of caries in permanent teeth. Meta-analysis suggested children with ECC were three times more likely to develop caries in their permanent teeth (OR, 3.22; 95% CI 2.80, 3.71; p < 0.001), especially when the lesions were in primary molars and progressed to dentine. However, the certainty of evidence was substantially compromised by serious risk of bias and inconsistency between studies. There were inconsistent findings between socioeconomic or behavioural factors on caries development, which could not be pooled for meta-analyses. ECC significantly increases the likelihood of caries development in permanent teeth. Evidence on the association of socioeconomic and oral health behavioural factors is weak.

Suggested Citation

  • Phoebe Pui Ying Lam & Helene Chua & Manikandan Ekambaram & Edward Chin Man Lo & Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu, 2022. "Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13459-:d:945655
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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