IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i20p13163-d940777.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Lesson Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can an Active Chemical Be Effective, Safe, Harmless-for-Humans and Low-Cost at a Time? Evidence on Aerosolized Hypochlorous Acid

Author

Listed:
  • Mascia Benedusi

    (Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Elena Tamburini

    (Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Mariaconcetta Sicurella

    (Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Daniela Summa

    (Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Francesca Ferrara

    (Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Peggy Marconi

    (Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Franco Cervellati

    (Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Stefania Costa

    (Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Valacchi

    (Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the importance of disinfectants as tools to prevent and fight against coronavirus spreading. An ideal disinfectant and sanitizer must be nontoxic to surface contact, noncorrosive, effective, and relatively inexpensive as it is hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The present work intended to evaluate, on different surfaces, the bactericidal and virucidal effectiveness of nebulized HOCl and test its safety usage in 2D and 3D skin and lung models. Our data showed that HOCl at the dose of 300 ppm did not affect cellular and tissue viability, not their morphology. The HOCl bactericidal properties varies with the surface analyzed: 69% for semi-porous, 96–99.9% for flat and porous. This discrepancy was not noticed for the virucidal properties. Overall, this study showed that nebulized HOCl can prevent virus and bacteria growth without affecting lung and skin tissues, making this compound a perfect candidate to sanitize indoor environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Mascia Benedusi & Elena Tamburini & Mariaconcetta Sicurella & Daniela Summa & Francesca Ferrara & Peggy Marconi & Franco Cervellati & Stefania Costa & Giuseppe Valacchi, 2022. "The Lesson Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can an Active Chemical Be Effective, Safe, Harmless-for-Humans and Low-Cost at a Time? Evidence on Aerosolized Hypochlorous Acid," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13163-:d:940777
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13163/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13163/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marco Remondino & Luigi Valdenassi, 2018. "Different Uses of Ozone: Environmental and Corporate Sustainability. Literature Review and Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Maria Cristina Collivignarelli & Alessandro Abbà & Ilaria Benigna & Sabrina Sorlini & Vincenzo Torretta, 2017. "Overview of the Main Disinfection Processes for Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-21, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kulyash Meiramkulova & Aliya Temirbekova & Gulnur Saspugayeva & Assel Kydyrbekova & Davud Devrishov & Zhanar Tulegenova & Karlygash Aubakirova & Nataliya Kovalchuk & Abdilda Meirbekov & Timoth Mkilima, 2021. "Performance of a Combined Treatment Approach on the Elimination of Microbes from Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, March.
    2. Rupesh Kumar & Deepak Bangwal, 2023. "An assessment of sustainable supply chain initiatives in Indian automobile industry using PPS method," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(9), pages 9703-9729, September.
    3. Fernando Paniagua & Blanca María Plaza & Alfonso Llanderal & Pedro García-Caparrós & María Teresa Lao, 2023. "Sustainable Strategies Based on Reused Leachates and Hydrogen Peroxide Supply to Fertigate Cordyline fruticosa var. ‘Red Edge’ Plants," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, June.
    4. Alessandro Gessi & Paolo Formaglio & Bruno Semeraro & Daniela Summa & Elena Tamisari & Elena Tamburini, 2023. "Electrolyzed Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) Aqueous Solution as Low-Impact and Eco-Friendly Agent for Floor Cleaning and Sanitation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(18), pages 1-17, September.
    5. Emmanuel I. Epelle & Mohammed Yaseen & Andrew Macfarlane & Michael Cusack & Anthony Burns & Luc Rolland, 2023. "Automation of Large-Scale Gaseous Ozonation: A Case Study of Textile and PPE Decontamination," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.
    6. Pawel Zylka, 2020. "Evaluation of Ozone Generation in Volume Spiral-Tubular Dielectric Barrier Discharge Source," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-12, March.
    7. Wojciech Halicki, 2023. "Advanced Biological Oxidation of Domestic Sewage with the Use of Compost Beds in a Natural Treatment System for Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-16, September.
    8. Alba Ruiz-Espin & Pedro Garcia-Caparros & Alfonso Llanderal & Julian Colunje & Jorge Francisco Moreira & Maria Teresa Lao, 2022. "Physiological and Nutritional Responses to Ozone Application in Tomato Seedling Plants," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13163-:d:940777. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.