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Correlation between Lindane Use and the Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the United States: An Ecological Study

Author

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  • Mathilda Alsen

    (Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA)

  • Vikram Vasan

    (Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA)

  • Eric M. Genden

    (Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA)

  • Catherine Sinclair

    (Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA)

  • Maaike van Gerwen

    (Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
    Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA)

Abstract

The increasing rate of thyroid cancer may be attributable to endocrine disruptive chemicals. Lindane is a persistent organochlorine pesticide with endocrine disruptive properties that has been classified as carcinogenic to humans. The aim of this ecological study was to evaluate potential correlation between lindane exposure and thyroid cancer incidence in the United States (US). Data on statewide age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rate (per 100,000 people) was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for all US states for 2019. Lindane use estimates per cropland (kg/acres cropland) were then overlaid on the map of age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rate using ArcGIS. The trend of lindane use in the US between 1992 and 2007 was calculated using the Mann Kendall correlation test. The correlation between statewide lindane use and age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rates was calculated using Spearman correlation. Lindane use in the US decreased significantly between 1992 and 2007 (T = −0.617; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between lindane use in 1992 and thyroid cancer incidence rate for any of the years between 1999 and 2019. Our results suggest that restrictions clearly seem to be effective in reducing lindane use, however, more research is needed for individual pesticides and thyroid cancer.

Suggested Citation

  • Mathilda Alsen & Vikram Vasan & Eric M. Genden & Catherine Sinclair & Maaike van Gerwen, 2022. "Correlation between Lindane Use and the Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the United States: An Ecological Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13158-:d:940752
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leah Schinasi & Maria E. Leon, 2014. "Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Occupational Exposure to Agricultural Pesticide Chemical Groups and Active Ingredients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-79, April.
    2. Maria Fiore & Gea Oliveri Conti & Rosario Caltabiano & Antonino Buffone & Pietro Zuccarello & Livia Cormaci & Matteo Angelo Cannizzaro & Margherita Ferrante, 2019. "Role of Emerging Environmental Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer: A Brief Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, April.
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