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Examining the Use of Antidepressants for Adolescents with Depression/Anxiety Who Regularly Use Cannabis: A Narrative Review

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  • Danielle Hen-Shoval

    (Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
    Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel)

  • Aron Weller

    (Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
    Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel)

  • Abraham Weizman

    (Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva 4910002, Israel
    Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel)

  • Gal Shoval

    (Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva 4910002, Israel
    Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
    Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA)

Abstract

Depression and anxiety disorders are two of the most common and growing mental health concerns in adolescents. Consequently, antidepressant medication (AD) use has increased widely during the last decades. Several classes of antidepressants are used mainly to treat depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders by targeting relevant brain neurochemical pathways. Almost all randomized clinical trials of antidepressants examined patients with no concomitant medications or drugs. This does not address the expected course of therapy and outcome in cannabis users. Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance globally. Substantial changes in its regulation are recently taking place. Many countries and US states are becoming more permissive towards its medical and recreational use. The psychological and physiological effects of cannabis (mainly of its major components, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD)) have been extensively characterized. Cannabis use can be a risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms, but some constituents or mixtures may have antidepressant and/or anxiolytic potential. The aim of this literature review is to explore whether simultaneous use of AD and cannabis in adolescence can affect AD treatment outcomes. Based on the current literature, it is reasonable to assume that antidepressants are less effective for adolescents with depression/anxiety who frequently use cannabis. The mechanisms of action of antidepressants and cannabis point to several similarities and conjunctions that merit future investigation regarding the potential effectiveness of antidepressants among adolescents who consume cannabis regularly.

Suggested Citation

  • Danielle Hen-Shoval & Aron Weller & Abraham Weizman & Gal Shoval, 2022. "Examining the Use of Antidepressants for Adolescents with Depression/Anxiety Who Regularly Use Cannabis: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:1:p:523-:d:717115
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Irving Kirsch & Brett J Deacon & Tania B Huedo-Medina & Alan Scoboria & Thomas J Moore & Blair T Johnson, 2008. "Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits: A Meta-Analysis of Data Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(2), pages 1-9, February.
    2. Giovanni Marsicano & Carsten T. Wotjak & Shahnaz C. Azad & Tiziana Bisogno & Gerhard Rammes & Maria Grazia Cascio & Heike Hermann & Jianrong Tang & Clementine Hofmann & Walter Zieglgänsberger & Vincen, 2002. "The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories," Nature, Nature, vol. 418(6897), pages 530-534, August.
    3. Öztürk, Gamze & Yetkiner, Hakan & Özden, Elif, 2020. "Macroeconomic determinants of antidepressant use," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(6), pages 1394-1407.
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