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Validation of the Flexible and Rigid Cognitive Restraint Scales in a General French Population

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  • Sandrine Péneau

    (Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center—University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France)

  • Marc Bénard

    (Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center—University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France)

  • Margaux Robert

    (Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center—University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France)

  • Benjamin Allès

    (Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center—University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France)

  • Valentina A. Andreeva

    (Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center—University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France)

  • Frédéric Courtois

    (Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center—University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France)

  • Mathilde Touvier

    (Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center—University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France)

  • Christophe Leys

    (Faculty of Psychological Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 50-CP191, 1050 Brussels, Belgium)

  • France Bellisle

    (Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center—University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France)

Abstract

Distinguishing between flexible and rigid cognitive restraint (CR) may be useful for understanding the role of CR in dietary behavior and weight status. This study aimed to translate and adapt the flexible and rigid CR scales to the French context and test their psychometric properties. Construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability were examined in a sample of 620 individuals. Confirmatory factor analysis of the scales found a two-factor structure (flexible CR: 12 items; rigid CR: 15 items) that provided a good fit and supported the initial solution ( χ 2 = 584.7, df = 322, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.052 [0.045, 0.059], TLI = 0.95). Higher flexible and rigid CR were associated with higher CR overall, emotional eating (TFEQ-R21) and eating disorders (SCOFF), and lower intuitive eating (IES-2). In addition, higher flexible CR was associated with lower impulsivity (BIS-11) while higher rigid CR was associated with higher uncontrolled eating (TFEQ-R21) and lower self-esteem (RSES), satisfaction with life (SWLS), and optimism (LOT-R). Flexible and rigid CR internal consistency was satisfactory (McDonald ω = 0.77 and 0.74, respectively) and test–retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.81 and 0.79, respectively). This study validated a flexible and rigid CR tool in a French population and confirmed that these two types of CR represent distinct eating behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandrine Péneau & Marc Bénard & Margaux Robert & Benjamin Allès & Valentina A. Andreeva & Frédéric Courtois & Mathilde Touvier & Christophe Leys & France Bellisle, 2022. "Validation of the Flexible and Rigid Cognitive Restraint Scales in a General French Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12519-:d:930727
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Anne-Claire Vergnaud & Mathilde Touvier & Caroline Méjean & Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot & Clothilde Pollet & Aurélie Malon & Katia Castetbon & Serge Hercberg, 2011. "Agreement between web-based and paper versions of a socio-demographic questionnaire in the NutriNet-Santé study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 56(4), pages 407-417, August.
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