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Comparison of Pollution Levels, Biomagnification Capacity, and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Nearshore and Offshore Regions of the South China Sea

Author

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  • Shaochen Yang

    (Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
    Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    Key Laboratory of Functional Geomaterials in China Nonmetallic Minerals Industry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Kaifeng Sun

    (South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China)

  • Jinling Liu

    (Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    Key Laboratory of Functional Geomaterials in China Nonmetallic Minerals Industry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Nan Wei

    (South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China)

  • Xing Zhao

    (South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
    College of Earth Sciences, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China)

Abstract

Seawater and fish were collected from nearshore (Pearl River Estuarine, PRE) and offshore (middle of the South China Sea, MSCS) regions of the South China Sea (SCS) to determine the heavy metals (HMs) pollution status and biomagnification characteristics. Results show that Cu in PRE seawater was moderately contaminated. Overall pollution risk of seawater were PRE (3.32) > MSCS (0.56), whereas that of fish was MSCS (0.88) > PRE (0.42). δ 13 C and δ 15 N exhibited distinguished characteristics for PRE and MSCS fish, indicating the diverse energy sources, nitrogen sources, and food web structures of nearshore and offshore regions. Cu was biomagnified whereas Pb and Ni were biodiluted in offshore fish. Hg presented significant biomagnification in both of nearshore and offshore fish. Finally, the target hazard quotient of Hg (1.41) in MSCS fish exceeded the standard limit, which was posed by high Hg concentration and consumption rate of offshore fish.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaochen Yang & Kaifeng Sun & Jinling Liu & Nan Wei & Xing Zhao, 2022. "Comparison of Pollution Levels, Biomagnification Capacity, and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Nearshore and Offshore Regions of the South China Sea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12248-:d:926498
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. He, Bin & Oki, Taikan & Kanae, Shinjiro & Mouri, Goro & Kodama, Ken & Komori, Daisuke & Seto, Shinta, 2009. "Integrated biogeochemical modelling of nitrogen load from anthropogenic and natural sources in Japan," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(18), pages 2325-2334.
    2. Yanxin Hu & Chuan Wang & Zhengcheng Song & Min Chen & Li Ding & Xingyu Liang & Xiangyang Bi & Zhonggen Li & Ping Li & Wei Zheng, 2021. "Heavy Metal in Rice and Vegetable and Human Exposure near a Large Pb/Zn Smelter in Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Ning He & Lanzhou Liu & Ren Wei & Kaifeng Sun, 2021. "Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in a Typical Mariculture Area in Western Guangdong," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-13, October.
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