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Profiles of Ecosystemic Resilience and Risk: American Indian Adolescent Substance Use during the First Year of the COVID-19 Crisis

Author

Listed:
  • Meghan A. Crabtree

    (Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

  • Linda R. Stanley

    (Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

  • Randall C. Swaim

    (Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

  • Mark A. Prince

    (Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption to the lives of American Indian (AI) adolescents. While reservation-area AI youth already have a higher risk of substance use (SU) compared to their non-AI peers, COVID-19 stressors likely exacerbated this risk. However, COVID-19-specific and general resilience factors may have buffered against increased SU over the course of the pandemic. Using a person-centered, ecosystemic framework of resilience, we used latent profile analysis to identify ecosystemic resilience profiles indicated by general and COVID-19-specific risk and resilience factors, then examined inter-profile changes in alcohol and cannabis use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic from the spring of 2020 to the spring of 2021. The sample was 2218 reservation-area AI adolescents (7–12th grade; schools = 20; M age = 15, SD = 1.7; 52% female). Four profiles emerged: Average Risk and Resilience, High Resilience, Low Resilience, and High Risk. Adolescents with a High-Risk profile demonstrated increases in alcohol and cannabis use, while High Resilience youth demonstrated decreases. These findings support the hypothesized COVID-19-specific ecosystemic resilience profiles and the application of a person-centered ecosystemic framework to identify which AI adolescents are most likely to experience substance use changes during a life-altering crisis like COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Meghan A. Crabtree & Linda R. Stanley & Randall C. Swaim & Mark A. Prince, 2022. "Profiles of Ecosystemic Resilience and Risk: American Indian Adolescent Substance Use during the First Year of the COVID-19 Crisis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11228-:d:908816
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sarah Dryhurst & Claudia R. Schneider & John Kerr & Alexandra L. J. Freeman & Gabriel Recchia & Anne Marthe van der Bles & David Spiegelhalter & Sander van der Linden, 2020. "Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(7-8), pages 994-1006, August.
    2. Brave Heart, M.Y.H. & Elkins, J. & Tafoya, G. & Bird, D. & Salvador, M., 2012. "Wicasa Was'aka : Restoring the traditional strength of American Indian boys and men," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(S2), pages 177-183.
    3. Elizabeth A. K. Jones & Amal K. Mitra & Azad R. Bhuiyan, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health in Adolescents: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-9, March.
    4. Albert Satorra & Peter Bentler, 2010. "Ensuring Positiveness of the Scaled Difference Chi-square Test Statistic," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 75(2), pages 243-248, June.
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