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Changes in Sulfur Metabolism in Mouse Brains following Radon Inhalation

Author

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  • Norie Kanzaki

    (Ningyo-Toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan)

  • Akihiro Sakoda

    (Ningyo-Toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan)

  • Takahiro Kataoka

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan)

  • Lue Sun

    (Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan)

  • Hiroshi Tanaka

    (Ningyo-Toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan)

  • Iwao Ohtsu

    (Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan)

  • Kiyonori Yamaoka

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan)

Abstract

Therapy using hot springs, including the high-level radioactive gas “radon”, is traditionally conducted as an alternative treatment for various diseases. Oxidative-stress-related diseases are inhibited by the enhancement of antioxidative functions following radon inhalation. We have reported that radon inhalation increased the level of anti-oxidants, such as glutathione (G-SH), in the brain and had a protective antioxidative effect against transient global cerebral ischemic injury. However, no studies have yet revealed the changes in G-SH associated substances after radon inhalation. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed several metabolites, focusing on G-SH. Mice were exposed to radon at concentrations of 200, 2000, or 20,000 Bq/m 3 for 1, 3, or 10 days. We detected 27 metabolites in the mouse brains. The result showed that the L-methionine levels increased, whereas the levels of urea, glutathione, and sulfite ion decreased under any condition. Although the ratio of G-SH to oxidized glutathione (GS-SG) decreased, glutathione monosulfide (G-S-SH) and cysteine monosulfide (Cys-S-SH) increased after radon inhalation. G-S-SH and Cys-S-SH can produce a biological defense against the imbalance of the redox state at very low-dose irradiation following radon inhalation because they are strong scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, we performed an overall assessment of high-dimensional data and showed some specific characteristics. We showed the changes in metabolites after radon inhalation using partial least squares-discriminant analysis and self-organizing maps. The results showed the health effects of radon, especially the state of sulfur-related metabolites in mouse brains under the exposure conditions for radon therapy.

Suggested Citation

  • Norie Kanzaki & Akihiro Sakoda & Takahiro Kataoka & Lue Sun & Hiroshi Tanaka & Iwao Ohtsu & Kiyonori Yamaoka, 2022. "Changes in Sulfur Metabolism in Mouse Brains following Radon Inhalation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10750-:d:900709
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cong Li & Chunhong Wang & Jun Yu & Yongsheng Fan & Duanya Liu & Wenshan Zhou & Tingming Shi, 2020. "Residential Radon and Histological Types of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Case‒Control Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-16, February.
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