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Effects of Frequent Smartphone Use on Sleep Problems in Children under 7 Years of Age in Korea: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study

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Listed:
  • Sangha Lee

    (Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16500, Korea)

  • Sungju Kim

    (Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16500, Korea)

  • Sujin Yang

    (Gwangju Smile Center for Crime Victims, Gwangju 61480, Korea)

  • Yunmi Shin

    (Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16500, Korea)

Abstract

The use of electronic screen devices has a negative effect on sleep. The purpose of this study is to longitudinally examine the effects of various screen use on sleep problems in children under 7 years of age. A total of 314 caregivers of children aged 4–7 years from three cities in Korea were recruited and responded to a self-administered questionnaire from 2017 to 2020. As a result of the analysis of the mixed model designed as a two-leveled structure, the use frequency of smartphones significantly predicted children’s sleep problems (β = 0.328, p < 0.001) compared to that of TV, PC, and tablet PC. In addition, the frequency of smartphone screen use showed a weak but significant correlation with bedtime resistance (r = 0.067, p = 0.009), sleep duration (r = 0.089, p <0.001), nighttime awakening (r = 0.066, p = 0.010), and daytime sleepiness (r = 0.102, p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that screen time education in Korea should focus on smartphones above all else.

Suggested Citation

  • Sangha Lee & Sungju Kim & Sujin Yang & Yunmi Shin, 2022. "Effects of Frequent Smartphone Use on Sleep Problems in Children under 7 Years of Age in Korea: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-11, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:10252-:d:891177
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cody D. Neshteruk & Gina L. Tripicchio & Stephanie Lobaugh & Amber E. Vaughn & Courtney T. Luecking & Stephanie Mazzucca & Dianne S. Ward, 2021. "Screen Time Parenting Practices and Associations with Preschool Children’s TV Viewing and Weight-Related Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-9, July.
    2. Teija Nuutinen & Eva Roos & Carola Ray & Jari Villberg & Raili Välimaa & Mette Rasmussen & Bjørn Holstein & Emmanuelle Godeau & Francois Beck & Damien Léger & Jorma Tynjälä, 2014. "Computer use, sleep duration and health symptoms: a cross-sectional study of 15-year olds in three countries," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 59(4), pages 619-628, August.
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